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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



§}}n^. ©oping]^ Ijtx......... 

L^M 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



NORMAL SCHOOL 
OUTLINES 



COMMON SCHOOL and ADVANCED BRANCHES. 



DESIGNED AS 

AN AID TO TEACHERS AND PUPILS IN THE METHOD 

OF TEACHING AND STUDYING BY TOPICS, AS 

PURSUED IN NORMAL SCHOOLS. 

[A TREASURY OF FACTS.] 

CONTAINING 

COMPLETE OUTLINES OF ORTHOGRAPHY, ETYMOLOGY, ELOCUTION, GRAMMAR, 
RHETORIC, LOGIC, UNITED STATES HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL 
j GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, ZOOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, NAT- 
IP URAL PHILOSOPHY, MENTAL PHILOSOPHY, CHEMISTRY, 
b ^/,, **" GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE, ARITHMETIC, ALGEBRA, 
^ y^ I ^ GEOMETRY, TRIGONOMETRY, ASTRONOMY, 



6 



mp:thods of instruction, and the 

SCIENCE OF TE/^CHING. 

By W. J. KING. 




NEW YORK : 

W. D. KERR, PUBLISHER. 

1888. 



LB15S7 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1888, by 

W. J. KING, 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C. 



(0 



PREFACE. 



The author of this little volume, having been actively engaged in 
the work of teaching for many years, has felt the need of a text-book 
adapted to the school work of all grades, and more particularly re- 
quired in the higher grades and normal schools ; a text-book that 
would engender habits of thought on the part of pupils and aid them 
to develop subjects naturally and logically ; one that would present 
at a glance the correct outlines of the subjects and give the leading 
principles of the various branches taught in our schools. Such a text- 
book the author believes this to be. 

While it may not be complete in itself, by a little elucidation of the 
subjects on the part of the instructor, and a careful study of the out- 
lines and principles on the part of the pupils, a fair knowledge of 
each branch may be gained without reference to any other text-book. 

More particularly is it calculated to be supplementary to ordinary 
text-books. Its classified arrangement of topics and facts saves much 
unnecessary labor on the part of pupils. 

This volume is offered to the public with the hope that it may be 
found essential to both teachers and pupils. Should it create a taste 
for scientific investigation and classified knowledge on the part of 
scholars the highest aims of the author will be attained. 

W. J. KING. 



TO TEACHERS AND OTHERS WHO MAY 
USE THIS BOOK 



The author wishes to offer a few suggestions with reference to the 
manner of using this book. 

The book is not designed as a text-book, exckiSive of any other, 
but rather as a supplementary book to use in connection with any 
other text-book. All the facts are here arranged logically, as bases 
for lessons topically. To illustrate : In United States History, the 
lesson assigned is Discoveries as a general topic. Subdivided, the 
first division is by Columbus, then his early life, etc. Allow the pupils 
to gather information from any source whatever. They may, in their 
investigation, examine several authors upon the same subject, and 
thereby increase their knowledge to a greater degree than if simply 
following the method of question and answer. 

Do not attempt too much : only a few topics at each lesson 
thoroughly elaborated, and at the close, or the opening of the lesson, 
require the reproduction of the outline by the class, using the 
black-board. All the dates given, and principles, should be memo- 
rized, and the principles, whether philosophical or mathematical, 
should be rigidly demonstrated and applied to practical problems. 

This book, while it conforms to no text-book, will be found to 
agree with all in the facts and principles given ; hence it can be 
successfully used in connection with any series of text-books. 

In teaching primary scholars this book will greatly facilitate the 
work of the teacher by producing the foundations for oral instruction. 
If judiciously used, it will create an interest on the part of pupils 
throughout the whole course of study that can be attained in no 
other way. The sciences can, by following this plan, be taught to 
the youngest pupils. The teacher can also make this book a fruitful 



vi TO TEACHERS AND OTHERS. 

source of information by using the facts stated for bases of general 
remarks. At times when the interest seems to lag, place a topic or 
two upon the black-board, and in a very few minutes of elucidation 
the school will have been awakened, and the next day will reproduce 
the whole subject-matter presented. The author has no hesitancy in 
saying, that if teachers will use this book in the manner suggested 
they will accomplish grand results, even in the primary schools. 

Those persons who may use the book as a means of acquiring 
instruction without the aid of a teacher will find, by carefully studying 
the outlines here given, and occasionally referring to any text-book 
they may have for the details upon the data contained in this, they 
will become familiar with the subjects in a much shorter time than if 
they pursued the course generally pursued by students, for a large 
amount of matter contained in all text-books, which to a great degree 
embarrass the learner, is here omitted. Only facts are stated, and 
generalizations are left entirely out. 

These facts stand out as finger-boards to guide the seeker after truth 
just where he should look, and point out to him just those things for 
which he should look in any text-book. 

That you may find this book a most valuable help to prosecute 
your arduous labors, either as teachers or private students, is the wish 
of the author. 

W. J. KING. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

Preface iii 

Note to teachers v 

Contents vii 

SECTION I. Orthography i 

SECTION II. Etymology 2 

SECTION III. Elocution 2 

SECTION IV. Grammar: 

Chapter I. Orthography 4 

Chapter II. Etymology 4 

Chapter III. Syntax 7 

Chapter IV. Prosody 8 

SECTION V. Rhetoric: 

Chapter I. Invention 10 

Chapter II. Style 10 

Chapter III. Punctuation 11 

Chapter IV. Capitals 11 

Chapter V. Criticism 12 

Chapter VI. Composition 12 

SECTION VI. Logic: 

Chapter I. Of terms 14 

Chapter II. Propositions 15 

Chapter III. Syllogisms 16 

Chapter IV. Fallacies 16 

Chapter V. Methods 17 

SECTION VII. United States History: 

Chapter I. Early history 18 

Chapter II. Development of the states 25 

Chapter III. Miscellaneous events during this epoch 29 

Chapter IV. Wars of United States 31 



Vlll CONTENTS. 

SECTION VIII. GeograPH\': page. 

Chapter I. Mathematical 41 

Chapter II. Physical 42 

Chapter III. Political 43 

Chapter IV. Local or state geography 46 

SECTION IX. Physical Geography: 

Chapter I. Geology 49 

Chapter II. Hydrography 50 

Chapter III. Meteorology 52 

Chapter IV. Organic life 53 

Chapter V. Local or state physical geography 54 

SECTION X. Geology : 

Chapter I. Rocks 56 

Chapter II. Volcanoes and earthquakes 57 

Chapter III. Fossil remains 57 

SECTION XI. Botany: 

Chapter I. Phenogamous plants 59 

Chapter II. Cryptogamous plants 62 

Chapter III. Parts of plants 62 

SECTION Xn. Zoology: 

Chapter I. Invertebrates 66 

Chapter II. Vertebrates 67 

SECTION XIII. Physiology: 

Chapter I. Skeleton 71 

Chapter II. Muscles 72 

Chapter III. Integument or skin 72 

Chapter IV. Respiration 73 

Chapter V. Voice 73 

Chapter VI. Circulation 73 

Chapter VII. Food 74 

Chapter VIII. Digestion 75 

Chapter IX. The nervous system 75 

Chapter X. Special senses 76 

Chapter XL Health and Disease 76 

SECTION XIV. Natural Philosophy: 

Chapter I. Matter 77 

Chapter II. Mechanics , 77 

Chapter HI. Pneumatics 81 

Chapter IV. Pyronomics 81 

Chapter V. Optics 82 

Chapter VI. Acoustics 84 

Chapter VII. Electricity 85 

Chapter VIII. Magnetism 85 



CONTENTS. 



IX 



PAGE 

Chapter IX. Astronomy 86 

Chapter X. Meteorology 87 

SECTION XV. Mental Philosophy: 

Chapter I. Empirical psychology 88 

Chapter II. Intellect 88 

Chapter III. Susceptibility 89 

Chapter IV. The will 89 

Chapter V. The mind can attain its end 90 

SECTION XVI. Chemistry: 

Chapter I. Liquid and aeriform matter 91 

Chapter II. Plants 9- 

Chapter III. Solids, etc 93 

Chapter IV. Elements • 94 

Chapter V. Chemical attraction 95 

SECTION XVII. Governmental Science: 

Chapter I. Principles of government 96 

Chapter II. Kinds of government 96 

Chapter III. State governments 97 

Chapter IV. Judicial department 99 

Chapter V! United States government 100 

Chapter VI. Principles of law 103 

SECTION XVIII. Arithmetic: 

Chapter I. Fundamental rules, etc 107 

Chapter II. Decimal fractions no 

Chapter III. United States money 1 1 1 

Chapter IV, Properties of numbers 1 1 1 

Chapter V. Fractions 112 

Chapter VI. Denominate numbers 113 

Chapter VII. Ratio n? 

Chapter VIII. Proportion "7 

Chapter IX. Percentage 117 

Chapter X. Alligation 120 

Chapter XI. Progression 120 

Chapter XII. Involution and evolution 121 

Chapter XIII. Annuities and mensuration 122 

SECTION XIX. Algebra: 

Chapter I. Definitions, etc 125 

Chapter II. Entire quantities 126 

Chapter III. Fractions 128 

Chapter IV. Equations 129 



X CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Chapter V. Powers and roots 129 

Chapter VI. Radicals 130 

Chapter VII. Quadratics and progression 131 

SECTION XX. Geometry: 

Chapter I. Terms and language 132 

Chapter II. Of quadrilaterals 133 

Chapter III. Of polygons 133 

Chapter IV. Of proportion 134 

Chapter V. Of squares on lines 134 

Chapter VI. Of similar triangles 135 

Chapter VII. Of the circle 135 

Chapter VIII. Of measurement of angles 135 

Chapter IX. Of the circumference and area of circles 135 

Chapter X. Of planes and their angles 136 

Chapter XL Of solids 136 

Chapter XII. Of the pyramid, cylinder, cone, etc 137 

Chapter XIII. Of spherical geometry 137 

Chapter XIV. Mensuration 138 

SECTION XXI. Trigonpmetry 140 

SECTION XXII. Astronomy: 

Chapter I. Definitions, etc 142 

Chapter II. Planets in their order 143 

Chapter III. Minor planets, comets, etc 145 

SECTION XXIII. Methods of Instruction, or the art of Teach- 
ing : 

Chapter I. Language and physical science 147 

Chapter II. Mathematics and art 1 50 

SECTION XXIV. Science of Teaching, or School Management: 

Chapter I. School grades, studies, furniture, apparatus, etc 153 

Chapter II. Organization of school 1 54 

Chapter III. Employment of school 155 

Chapter IV. Government of school 1 57 

Chapter V. School authorities 159 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



SECTION I. 

ORTHOGRAPHY. 



I. Language. 



II. Elementary sounds. 



I. Natural. , ^ ^ 

■ ^'■"fi^""- \ I: wPSS. 

1 . Vocals. 

2. Subvocals. 

3. Aspirates. 

4. Equivalents. 











i I. Diphthong. 


[ I. Vowels. 


< 2. Triphthong. 




I. According] 
to use. 1 


( 3. Digraph. 

1. Mutes. 

2. Semivowels. 




[ 2. Consonants. 


3. Liquids. 

4. Nasals. 

^ 5. Sibilants. 




( I. Labials. 




III. Letters and 


2. According \ 2. Linguals. 
to genera. ' 3. Dentals. 
[4. Palatals. 




DIVISIONS. 








' I. Roman. 

2. Italic. 

3. Old English. 

4. Uses. 






' r. Capitals. 












2. Script. 






3. According 




' I. Pica. 




to form. 




2. Small Pica. 






3. Long Primer 






4. Bourgeois. 




'I. Ultimate. 


, 3. Small letters. - 


5. Brevier. 

6. Minion. 




2. Penult. 


7. Nonpareil. 


IV. Syllables. - 


3. Antepenult. 


8. Agate. 




4. Pre-a7itepenult. 


9. Diamond. 




.5- 


PolyPre-atitej. 


'teiiult. 


10. Pearl. 



V. Accent. \ '■ Pj"^^^jy- 
{ 1. Secondary. 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



VI. Spelling. 



VII. Figures. < 



Rules. 

Pronunciation. 
Diacritical marks. 



1. Aphcsresis. 

2. Sy tic ope. 

3. Apocope. 

4. Prosthesis. 

5. Paragoge. 

6. Tmesis. 



1. Macron. 

2. Breve. 

3. Tilde. 

4. Diceresis. 

5. Cedilla. 

6. Caret. 



SECTION II. 



ETYMOLOGY. 



I. Derivation of words. 



( I. Roots. 
< 2. Prefixes. 
( 3. Suffixes. 

{ I. According to 
their use. 



II. Classification of words. 

III. Signification of words. 

IV. Analysis of words. 

V. Synonyms. 



2. According to 
their form. 



1. Nouns. 

2. Pronouns. 

3. Verbs. 

4. Adjectives. 

5. Adverbs. 

6. Prepositions. 

7. Conjunctions. 

8. Interjections. 

1. Simple. 

2. Compound. 

3. Primitive. 

4. Derivative. 



SECTION III. 



ELOCUTION. 



I. Orthoepy. i. Articulation. 



I. Oral elements. 



2. Organs of speech. 



1. Vocals. 

2. Subvocals. 

3. Aspirates. 

1. Lips. 

2. Teeth. 

3. Tongue. 

4. Palate. 



ELOCUTION. 



II. 









' I 


Monosyllable. 




' 2. SyllabicatioJi. \ 


. Dissyllable. 
. Trisyllable. 




Drthoepy. \ [4 


. Polysyllable. 




3. Accent. | \ 


. Primary. 
. Secondary. 




' I 


Absolute. 




, ^ . , . 2 


Antithetic. 






I. tLmpnasis. < 


. Cumulative. 






U 


. Rules. 






2. Slur. 


2 


. Rising. 
. Falling. 






3. Inflections. - 


3 

4 

.5 


. Circumflex. 
. Monotone. 
. Rules. 










( I. High. 

■| 2. Medium. 
( 3. Low. 








I. Pitch. 


















[' I. Strong. 








2. Force. 


! 2. Moderate. 

3. Gentle. 

4. Subdued. 




4. Modulations of ' 


joice. - 


3. Quality. 


f I. Pure. 

2. Orotund. 
■ 3. Guttural. 


Expression. ■ 






4. Rate. 


4. Aspirated. 

5. Tremulous. 
( I. Rapid. 

< 2. Moderate. 








(3. Slow. 






fi. Of the different 


languages. 






2. Of different pe 


rsons in the same 




5. Imperso7iation. ■ 


language. 
3. Of old persons. 








^ 4. Children and young persons. 








I. Comma 


I. 








2. Semicolon. 








3. Colon. 










4. Period. 










5. Interrogation. 






I, Ki 


nds. ■■ 


6. Exclamation. 










7. Dash. 






6. Pauses. < 






8. Parenthesis. 

9. Brackets. 








10. Suspen 


sion. 






.2. ] 


Ru 


les. 


II. Rhetorical. 



4 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



SECTION IV. 



GRAMMAR. 



CHAPTER I.— ORTHOGRAPHY. 



I. Letters. ■ 



I . Vowels. 



2. Consonants. 



j I. Diphthongs. 
( 2. Triphthongs. 

ii. Mutes. 
2. Semivowels. 
3. Liquids. 
S I. Kinds. ) ^c ^ , X 

)2. Uses. [(See ante, page I.) 



3. Capitals 

4. Small letters (see ante, page i). 
IL Syllables (see ante, page i). 

in. ACCENT. i '■ Pj-i^'^^y- 



2. Secondary. 
IV. Diacritical marks (see ante, page i) 
V. Spelling. 
VI. Figures (see ante, page 2). 



CHAPTER IL— ETYMOLOGY. 

I. Derivation of words (see ante, page 2). 

' I. According to number of syllables, 
(see ante, page i). 

2. According to form (see ante, page 
2). 

3. According to use, and — i. NoUNS. 



II. Classification of words. 



I. Nouns. 



I. Classes. 



2. Properties. - 



1. Common. 

2. Proper. 
I. Gender. 



2. Person. 



C I. Collective. 
< 2. Abstract. 
( 3. Verbal, 
r I. Masculine. 
I 2. Feminine. 

3. Common. 

4. Neuter. 

1. First. 

2. Second. 

3. Third. 



3. Number. 



M 



Singular. 

Plural. 



GRAMMAR. 



I. Nouns. 2. Properties. 4- Case. 



Nomina- 
tive. 



3- 
4- 

. 15- 
Possessive. 
, I 
Objec 
tive. 



Common. 

Independent. 

Absolute. 

Apposition. 

Predicate. 



^ I. 



I. Classes. 



II. Pronouns. -1 



III. Adjec- 
tives. 



IV. Verbs. 



^ 2. Properties. 



After a verb. 

2. After a preposi- 
tion. 

3. By apposition. 
Simple. 

/ 2. Compound. 
j I. Simple. 
\ 2. Compound. 

r I. Distributive. 

J 2. Demonstrative. 

I 3. Indefinite. 

1 4. Reciprocal. 

See above. 



I. Classes. < 



. Com- 
parison. 



I. Descrip 
tive. 



Personal. 

Relative. 

Interrogative. 

Responsive. 

Adjective. 

Gender. 
Person. 
Number. 
Case. 

1. Common. 

2. Proper. 
. 3. Participle. 
[4. Compound, f i. Cardinal. 

Ordinal. 



. Numeral. 



2. Pronomi- 
nal. 



. Classifica- 
tion. 



De fi n i- 
tive. 

Positive. 
Com- 
parative. 
Superla- 
tive. 

I. According to their form. 



2. According to S i- Not finite, 
their syntax. \ 2. Finite. 

3. With reference to the S i 
object. i 2 

4. "With reference to 
each other. 



2. Properties. 



Voice. 



2. Mood. 



3. Tense. 



1. Active. 

2. Passive. 

1. Indicative. 

2. Potential. 

3. Subjunctive. 

4. Imperative. 

1. Present. 

2. Present perfect. 



Indefinite. 

Multiplicative. 

Distributive. 

Demonstrative. 

Indefinite. 



Regular. 
Irregular. 
Redundant. 
Defective. 

!i. Partici- 
ples. 
2. Infini- 
tives. 
Transitive. 
Intransitive. 
Principal. 
Auxiliary. 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



IV. Verbs. 



V. Prepositions. 



2. Properties. 



Tense. 



4. Forms of the tenses. < 



5. Person. 



6. Number. 




3. Synopsis. L parts. 

4. Conjugation. 

1. Adjunct. 

2. Principal word. 
I. Of time. 



First. 

Second. 

Third. 

1. Singular. 

2. Plural. 
[ I. Present tense 

Principal] 2. Past tense. 



Emphatic. 

Passive. 

Progressive. 

Ancient. 

Interrogative. 

Negative. 



[4: 



Present participle. 
Perfect participle. 



VI. Adverbs. - 



I. Classes. \ 



2. Properties. 



Forms of comparison. 
Vn. CONJUNCTIONS.] -gg;^^. 

Of grief 



2. Of place. 

3. Of degree. 

4. Of manner. 

5. Of cause. 

6. Of extent. 

7. Of quantity. 

8. Of addition. 

9. Of exclusion. 

0. Of emphasis. 

1. Of negation. 

1. To modify. 

2. To connect. 

1. Positive degree. 

2. Comparative. 

3. Superlative. 



VIII. Interjections. 



Of pain. 

3. Of joy. 

4. Of laughter. 

5. Of contempt. 

6. Of dislike. 

7. Of v^elcome. 



8. Of surprise. 

9. Of calling. 

10. Of silence. 

11. Of direction. 

12. Of intensity. 

13. Of wonder. 



GRAMMAR. 



CHAPTER III.— SYNTAX. 



I . Verbal. 



2. Phrasal. 



I. Analysis of 

SENTENCES. 



Adverbs. 



]^:rdli?fngword.j"- Adjectives, 

1. Substantive phrase. ' ' 

2. Subjective phrase. 

3. Objective phrase. 

4. Adverbial phrase. 
■ 5. Adjective phrase. 

6. Prepositional phrase. 

7. Simple phrase. 

8. Complex phrase. 

9. Compound phrase. 

1. Independent clause. 

2. Substantive clause. 

3. Subjective clause. 

4. Dependent clause. 

5. Adjective clause. 
, 3. Clausal. ' 6. Adverbial clause. 

7. Subjunctive clause. 

8. Objective clause. 

9. Simple clause. 

10. Complex clause. 

11. Compound clause. 
I. Subject. 



I. Elements. 



2. Connectives. 



II. Synthesis 

SENTENCES. 



OF 



j I. Simple. 
\ 2. Compoi 
\ I. Simple. 
I 2. 



Compound. 

Simple. 

Compound. 



2. Predicate. 

3. Independent 

1. Conjunctions. 

2. Prepositions. 

3. Relative pronouns. 

4. Responsive pronouns. 

5. Conjunctive adverbs. 
I. Adjectives. 



r I. Words. 



3. Modifiers. 



2. Phrases. 



III. Classes of 

SENTENCES. 



S I. Simple 

\2. 



Complex. 



I^: 



. 3. Clauses. , 

.4- 
Declarative. 
Interrogative. 
Imperative. 
Exclamatory. 



Possessives. 

Appositives. 

Participles. 

Infinitives. 

Adjunct. 

Appositive. 

Participle. 

Infinitive. 

Adjective. 

Relative clause. 

Appositive clause. 

Adverbial clause. 

Conjunctive clause. 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



III. Classes of 

SENTENCES. 



IV Parsing. 



V. Figures of syntax. 



{I. As above, also- 
2. Copulative. 
3. Disjunctive. 
4. Illative. 
I Name words. 

2. Name properties. 

3. Apply rule. 

f I. Ellipsis. 

2. Aposiopesis. 

3. Zeugma. 

4. Pleonasm. 

5. Enallage. 

6. Inversion. 

7. Archaisin. 

8. Mimicry. 



CHAPTER IV.— PROSODY. 



I. Versification. - 



I. Poetic feet. 



I. Principal. 



2. Secondary. 



2. Poetic lines. 



3. Poetic pauses. 



U; 



4- 



Rhymes 
stanzas. 



and 



. 5. Poetic licence. 



1. Iambus. 

2. Trochee. 

3. Anapest. 

4. Dactyl. 

1. Spondee. 

2. Pyrrhic. 

3. Caesura. 



1. Monometer. 

2. Dimeter. 

3. Trimeter. 

4. Tetrameter. 

5. Pentameter. 

6. Hexameter. 

7. Heptameter. 
Octometer. 
Caesural. 
Final. 
Blank verse. 

2. Heroic verse. 

3. Couplet. 

4. Stanza. 

5. Scanning. 

1. In spelling. 

2. In pronunciation. 

3. In choice of words. 

4. In meaning of words. 

5. In idioms. 

6. In syntax. 

7. In figures. 

8. In versification. 



GRAMMAR. 



II. Utterance. 



III. Punctuation. 



1. Grammatical. 

2. Rhetorical. 

3. Metrical. 



1. Articulation. 

2. Degree of loudness. 

3. Degree of rapidity. 

4. Inflections. 

5. Tones. 

6. E7nphasis 

7. Pauses. 

1. Period. 

2. Colon. 

3. Semicoloft. 

4. Comma. 

5. Interrogation. 

6. Exclamation. 

7. Z'aj-/^. 

8. Curves or parenthesis. 

9. Brackets. 

10. Hyphens. 

11. Underscore^ 



SECTION V. 

RHETORIC. 



CHAPTER I.— INVENTION. 



I. Selection of subject. 



II. Collecting 

material. 



III. Arrangement. 



I. 

2. 

3- 

4- 
l5- 



Source of material. 
Rules for reading. 

Rules for reflection. 
(3- 



S I. Analytical. 
\ 2. Synthetical. 



Manner of obtaining a subject. 
Qualities of the subject. 
Its relation to the writer. 
Its adaptability to the occasion. 
The statement of the subject. 

Observation. 

Reflection. 

Reading. 

1. Ask questions. 

2. Answer questions. 
Introduction. 
Discussion. 
Conclusion. 



I, Necessity. 

II. General law. 



III. Diction. 



IV, Sentences. 



V. Paragraphs. 

VI. Figures. < 2. 

(3- 



CHAPTER II.— STYLE. 

K The most excellent form of expression yields the idea 

\ it contains with but small loss of mental power. 

Gather good words. 

Use pure words. 

Avoid barbarism. 

Use naturalized words. 

Form new words. 

Avoid impropriety. 

Be precise in the use of words. 

' I. Should have concord. 

2. Should be clear in lan- 
guage. 

3. Should adhere to unity. 

4. Should be forcible. 

5. Should possess harmony. 

1. Simile. 

2. Metaphor. 

3. Personification. 

4. Allegory. 

5. Synecdoche. 

6. Metonymy. 

7. Exclamation. 

8. Hyperbole. 



Simple. 

Complex. 

Compound. 



all 

of 

which 



Origin of. 
Advantage of. 
Kinds of. 



RHETORIC. 



II 



VI. Figures. 



VII. Variety, 



Kinds of. 
Rules for. 



9. Apostrophe. 

10. Vision. 

11. Antithesis. 

12. Climax. 

13. Epigram. 

14. Interrogation. 

15. Irony. 
By changing diction. 

{I. To express interrogation. 
2. To express exclamation. 
3. From negative to positive. 
4. From direct to indirect. 







CHAPTER 


Ill 


.—PUNCTUATION. 


I. The necessity for. 


' I. 


Comma. 




I. Grammatical. 


2 
" 3^ 


Semicolon. 
Colon. 






u. 


Period. 






I. 

2. 


Interrogation. 
Exclamation. 




2. Rhetorical. ■ 


3- 


Dash 








4- 

Is- 


Parenthesis. 


II. Points. < 




Q 


notation. 
I . Of accent. 








2. 
3- 


Apostrophe. 
Braces. 








4- 


Caret. 








5- 


Cedilla. 








6. 


Brackets. 








7. 


Diaeresis. 




3. Printer's tnarks 


, 


8. 
9- 


Ellipsis. 
Emphasis. 






10. 
11. 


Hyphen. 
Leaders. 






12. 


Leads. 






13. 
14. 
15- 


Paragraph. 
Quality marks. 
Reference marks 






16. 


Section marks. 






M- 


Tilde. 


CHAPTER 


IV.— 


CAPITALS. 




'I. Common. 








2. Roman. 






I. Kinds. ■ 


3. Italics. 








4 

Is 


Old English. 
. German text. 











12 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



11. USES. 



1. First Words. 

2. Headings. 

3. Quoted Titles. 

4. Names of Deity. 

5. Biblical terms. 

6. Proper Names. 

7. Derivatives from Proper Names. 

8. Titles of office and Honor. 

9. Personification. 

10. Pronoun I. 

11. Interjection O. 



CHAPTER v.— CRITICISM. 



Quality of taste. 
Variation of taste. 



I. The necessity for. 

1 . Absolute, z'ncludzfig style. 

II. The kinds of. ' 

2. Relative, includtng taste. \ 3- Cultivation of taste. 
^ 4. Universality of taste. 

5. Catholicity of taste. 

6, Pleasures of taste. 



CHAPTER VI.— COMPOSITION. 



I. Prose. ■ 



' I . Descriptions. 

2. Narrations. 

3. Letters. 

4. History. 

5. Biography. 

6. Novels. 

7. Essays. 

8. Reviews. 



9. Orations. 



II. Poetry. 



I. The purpose. 



2. The kinds. 



Purpose of. 
Kinds. 



3. Parts. 



1. Kinds. 

2. Qualities 
%. Parts. 




1. Didactic. 

2. News. 

3. Business. 

4. Ofificial. 

5. Of introduction. 

6. Of friendship. 
I 7. Notes. 

1. Superscription. 

2. Body. 

3. Subscription. 

4. Address. 

1. Deliberative. 

2. Judicial. 

3. Demonstrative. 

4. Lectures. 

5. Sermons. 

1. Exordium. 

2. Discussion. 

3. Peroration, 
r I. Songs. 

J 2. Odes. 

3. Elegies. 

4. Sonnets. 



RHETORIC. 



13 



3. Dramatic 



II. Poetry. 2. The kinds. 



j I. Tragedies. 

\2. 



4. Didactic 



I. Feet. 



III. Versification. - 



2. Verse. 



.3. Stanzas. 



Comedies. 

1. Philosophical. 

2. Moral. 

3. Meditative. 
I 4. Satires. 

1. Spondee. 

2. Iambic. 

3. Trochee. 

4. Dactyl. 

5. Anapest. 

6. Amphiambus. 

1. Monometer. 

2. Dimeter. 

3. Trimeter. 

4. Tetrameter. 

5. Pentameter. 

6. Hexameter. 

7. Heroic. f i. Illiterative. 

8. Blank verse. 2, Assonatal. 

9. Rhyme. -^ 3. Consonatal. 

1. Distich. 4. Triple. 

2. Triplet. [ 5. Middle. 

3. Quatrain. 

4. Rhyme-Royal. 

5. Ottava Rima. 

6. Terza Rima. 

^ 7. Sonnet Stanza. 



SECTION VI. 

LOGIC. 

CHAPTER I.— OF TERMS. 



1. Their formation 

2. Their object. 

3. Their relation. 

1. Sphere. 

2. Matter. 

3. Essentia. , 

4. Genus. < 

5. Differentia. ' 

6. Species. 

7. Individual. 

8. Accidental, 
f I. Quantity. 

III. Of the whole | 

AND ITS PARTS. 

2. Division. 



I. Conceptions. 



II. Substance and 
properties. 



f I. Cause, 



IV. Cause and effect. 



2. 4;^^^/. 



V. Difference and resemblance. 



1. General. 

2. Collective. 



1. Logical. 

2. Continuous. 

3. Discrete. 
Physical. 
Mathematical. 
Logical. 



1. Co-ordinate. 

2. Disparate. 

3. Absolute. 
[4. Relative. 

1. Absolute cause. 

2. Relative cause. 

3. Primary. 

4. Secondary. 

5. Efficient. 

6. Occasional. 

7. Material. 

8. Formal. 

9. Final. 

10. Negative. 

11. Transient. 

12. Permanent. 

13. Immanent. 

1. Immediate. 

2. Remote. 

3. Direct. 

4. Accidental. 

1. Similarity. 

2. Contrariety. 

3. Analogy. 



LOGIC. 



15 



CHAPTER II.— PROPOSITIONS. 



I. Judgment. 



Scope of judgment. 
Kinds of judgment. 



II. Terms of a proposition. 



III. Copula. 



U: 



I. 

2. 

3- 

4- 

5- 

.6. 

Subject. 

Predicate 

1. Forms. 

2. Effects. 
( 3. Classification. 

IV. Completeness of propositions 



Categorical. 

Conditional. 

Disjunctive. 

Relative. 

Hypothetical. 

Probable. 



V. Quantity of judgment. 



VI. Quality of judgment. \ '' 



Comprehensive. 

Intensive. 

Portensive. 

Afiirmative. 

Negative. 



VII. Modality of judgment. \ 2 



VIII. Cardinal propositions. 



IX. Distribution of terms. 



n 



Problematical. 

Assertive. 

Apodictical. 

1. Universal affirmatives. 

2. Universal negatives. 

3. Particular affirmatives. 

4. Particular negatives. 
Universal propositions ; subject. 
Negative propositions ; predicate. 



X. Immediate inference.- 



XI. Complex propositions. 



1 . Opposition of \ I . 
judgment. \ 2. 

2. C n t r a-posi- ) i. 
tion. \ 2. 

3. Conversion. \ 

_ 4. Substitution of terms. 

1. Expletives. 

2. Differential. 

3. Exclusive. 

4. Conditional. 



Contraries. 

Sub-contraries. 

Extra-position. 

Contra-position. 

Simple. 

Accidents. 



I. Express. 



XII. Compound propositions. 



XIII. Comparative judgment. 



2. 



XIV. Probable judgment. 



{I. Copulative. 
2. Causal. 
3. Discretive. 
4. Conditional. 
r .1- J M- Exceptive. 
Implied j 3_ Exclusive. 

!i. Simple comparatives. 
2. Comparatives of intensity. 
3. Comparatives of relation. 
Favorable. 
Unfavorable. 
Antecedent. 



i6 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



XV. Conditional judgment. 

XVI. Disjunctive. 

XVII. Affirmation. 



1. Sequence. 

2. Complex condition. 
( 3. Compound condition. 

Middle excluded. 
[' I. Identity. 
] 2. Contradiction. 

3. Cause or reason. 

4. Middle excluded. 



CHAPTER III.— SYLLOGISMS. 



I. Classification. 



Categorical. -. 2. 
Conditional. ( 3. 
Disjioiciive. 

1. Of figures. 

2. Of mood. 



Major premises. 
Minor premises. 
Conclusion. 



II. Pure categorical 

III. Indirect conclusion. 

IV. Conversion of syllogisms. 



VII. Incomplete forms. 

VIII. Redundant syllogisms. 
IX. 



1. OstensiveTeduction. 

2. Contra position. 

V, Complex syllogisms. 

VI. Compound syllogisms. 

1. Inductive. 

2. Cumulative. 

1. Pro-syllogisms. 

2. Epi-syllogisms. 
Compound judgment in syllogisms. 

( I. Simple comparatives. 

X. Comparative syllogisms. \ 2. Intensity as a cause. 

( 3. Of manner, time, and place. 
( I. The sum of all the parts is the whole. 

XI. Probable syllogisms. < 2. The remainder, with the part taken from 

( the whole, is a whole. 

XII. Conditional syllogisms. ( i. Divisives. 

XIII. Disjunctive syllogisms. \ 2. Comprehensives. 

3. Dilemma. 



I. In form. 

II. In matter. 

III. In diction. 



CHAPTER IV.-FALLACIES. 



Equivocation. . 

Amphiboliae. 

Composition. 

Division. 

Figures of speech. 



IV. Extra logical. 

V. Of composition. 

VI. Of accidents. 



Ignoratio. 
Elenchi. 
Petitio. 
Principii. 



LOGIC. 



17 



CHAPTER v.— METHODS. 



I. Order an element in method 



n. Ideas in method. 



in. The matter of method. 



1. Pleasure. 

2. Utility. 

3. Good. 

4. Beautiful. 

5. True. 

1. Analytic judgment. 

2. Synthetic judgment. 

3. Necessary matter. 

4. Contingent matter. 

5. Conjecture. 



6. Hypothesis. 
IV. Methods o f (:;• ^7 observation. 
investigation, j^- By measurement. , whole to parts, 
f 3. By calculation. U. p^rts to whole. 



V 



Average and exclusion. 

1. Logical. 

2. Physical. 
VII. Induction AND ANALOGY 



VI. Analysis. 



y.. 



VIII. Elimination. 



IX, Methods 

OF PROOF. 



X. Refutation. 



Formal to find modal. 
■ 2. Modal to find formal. 
( 3. Phenomenon to find class. 
No two simple causes produce the same effect, 
and vice-versa. 

Removal of cause, removes effect. 
Magnitude of effect, varies with magnitude of 
cause. 

The same cause always produces the same effect, 
r I. Eliminate any element in com- 
plex antecedent, its consequent 
will disappear also. 

2. If there is a regular disagree- 
ment in several antecedents in 
all the elements but one, that 
one is considered as the cause 
of any unvarying element in the 

Laws o f J consequents of the diverse an- 
elimination. I tecedents. 

3. Diminish the cause or increase 
it, and the effect will also be 
increased or diminished. 

4. Remove one phenomenon, and 

1. By demonstration. if the others disappear, the one 

2. By deduction. removed was the cause, but if 

3. By principles of in- the others remain, it was the 
terpretation. [ effect. 

4. Appeal to facts. \ i' ^^ induction. 
^ f^t^ I 2. Concurrence. 

By progressive approach. 

1. Direct refutation. 

2. Indirect refutation. 

3. Personal refutation. 



SECTION VII. 

UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



CHAPTER L— EARLY HISTORY. 



' \. By Columbus. 



I. Discoveries. ■ 



2, By Cabot. 



3. By Vesp7ceci. 



II. Explorations. 



I. By the Spanish. 



2. By the French. 



1. His early life (born 1436). 

2. His seeking aid. 

3. His outfit. 

4. Incidents of his voyage. 

5. The landing. 

6. Return. 

7. Subsequent voyages. 

8. Date of discovery (1492). 

9. His death (May 20, 1506). 

10. His burial, first, Seville; then, 
San Domingo; and last, in 1796, 
Havana, Cuba. 

1. Description of voyage. 

2. Places explored (1494). 

3. Date of discovery (1497). 

1. His voyage. 

2. His description of the country. 

3. Name and date (1499). 
f I. Ponce de Leon (1512). 

2. Balboa (151 3). 

3. Cordova (1517). 

4. Grijalva (1518). 

5. Cortez (1519). 

6. Ayllon (1520). 
Magellan (1520). 
Narvaez (1528). 
De Soto (1539). 
Melendez (1565). 
Espejo (1582). 
Result of these. 

1. Denys (1506). 

2. Verrazzani (1524). 

3. Cartier (1534)- 

4. Coligny (1562). 

5. De Gourgues (1567). 

6. De Monts (1604). 

7. Champlain (1608). 



9- 
10. 
II. 
12. 



Jesuit missionaries 
Result of these 



(1634). 
(1660). 
(1668). 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



19 



II. Explorations. < 



III. Early Settle- 
ments. 



3. By the English. 



4. By the Dutch. \ \ 



I. By the Spanish. 



2. By the French. 



3. By the English. 

4. By the Dutch. 
IV. Development of the Colonies : 

1. When? (1607). 

2. Where? (Jamestown). 

3. By whom ? (English). 



Frobisher (1576). 
Sir Francis Drake (1579). 
Humphrey Gilbert (1583). 
Walter Raleigh ][; 5^4)- 

Bartholomew G o s n o 1 d 
(1602). 

London Co. (1606). 
Plymouth Co. (1606). 
Result of these. 

Henry Hudson (1609). 

The result. 

West Indies. 

Isthmus of Panama 

(1 5 10). 

Mexico (1521). 

St. Augustine (1565). 

Santa Fe (1582). 

San Diego (1769). 

Quebec (1541). 

South Carolina (1562). 

Florida (1564). 

Acadia (1605). 

Canada (1608). 

Newfoundland (1583). 

Roanoke Island(i 584-85).. 

Virginia (1607). 



I. Virginia. 



Important 
events. 



I. Domestic. 



2. Foreign. 



5. Starving time (1610) 

6. Character of people. 

7. Progress in. 



yZ. Wars, 



\ X. Ba 

\ 2. 1st 



1. Introduction of tobacco' 
(1616). 

2. Introduction of slaves 
(1620). 

3. Marriage of Pocahontas 
(1613). 

I. Navigation Act (1660). 
f I. Population. 

. . u M- Imports. 

2. Agriculture, j ^^ y.^^^,x.s. 

3. Commerce. 

4. Manufactures. 
-r,, ,• \ William and 

5. Education, j ^^^y CoWtg^. 

6. Science. 

7. Art. 

8. Invention. 
Bacon's Rebellion. 

Indian War. 



20 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



I. Virginia.- 



8. Wars. 3. 2d Indian War 



9. Government. 



10. Noted fnen. 



1. When? (1620). 

2. fF>^.?r^.? (Plymouth) 

3. By whom? 
(English). 

4. Their suf- 
ferings. 

5. Important 
events. 



II. Plymouth 
AND Massa- 
chusetts 
Bay colo- 
ny. 



6. Character of people 
I 



1. Cause. 

2. Time (1644). 

3. Battles. 

4. Length (2 years). 

5. Commanders. 

6. Result. 

7. Treaty. 

8. Incidents. 

1. First charter. 

2. Second charter. 

3. Third charter (1612). 

4. First colonial assembly (1619). 
(^5. Written constitution (1621). 

1. John Smith. 

2. Captain Newport. 

3. Lord Delaware. 

4. John Rolf. 

1. Religious persecutions. 

2. Banishment of W i 1 1- 
iams. 

3. Banishment of Ann 
Hutchison. 

4. Banishment of the Qua- 
kers. 

Salem Witchcraft 
(1692). 
6. Union of the colonies 

(1643). 

1. Charter revoked by 
James II. 

2. New charter by Will- 
iam. 



Domestic. 



5- 



Foreign. 



7. Progress. 



Agriculture. 

2. Commerce. 

3. Manufacture. 

4. Education (Harvard College)* 

5. Science. 

6. Art. 

7. Invention. 

8. Population. 



8. Wars. King Phillip's. 



Cause. 

Time (1675). 

Battles. 

Commanders 

Result. 

Treaty. 

Incidents. 



C I. Democracy. 
9. Government. < 2. Charter. 

( 3. Legislature. 

ID. Other settlements. | ^; DoSester. 



UNITED STATES HISTORY 



21 



II, Plymouth 

AND MASSA- 

chusetts 
Bay colo- 
ny. 



lo. Other settlements. 



y\\. 



III. Connecticut. 



3. Cambridge. 

4. Lynn. 

5. Roxbury. 

1. John Carver. 

2. William Bradford. 

3. John Endicot. 

4. John Winthrop. 

5. Sir Edmund Andros. 

6. Roger Williams. 

7. Rev. J. Harvard. 
When? (1633). 

Where? (Windsor). 
By whom? (Dutch). 



Noted men. 



4. Three colonies. 

5. Character of set- 



tlers. 
6. Important . 
events. 



Connecticut. 
New Haven. 
Saybrook. 



/ 1 . Hartford. 
J 2. Windsor. 
3. Weath- 
ersfield. 



2. Foreign. 



7. Progress. 



I. Domestic, i. Charter oak. 

1. Granting of char- 
ter by Charles II. 

2. Annulling of char- 
ter by James II. 

S I. Domestic. 

Manufacturing. ] ^- foreign. 

° i I. Common 



IV. Rhode Island. 



1. Agriculture 

2. Commerce. 
3 

4. Education. ^ schools. 

5. Science. ( 2. Colleges, 

6. Art. 

7. Invention. 

8. Population. 
' I, Cause. 

2. Time (1637). 

3. Battles. 

4. Commanders. 

5. Length. 

6. Result (extermination of 
Pequods). 

7. Treaty. 

8. Incidents. 

1. Rev. Thomas Hooker, 

2. Captain John Mason, 

3. Sir Edmund Andros. 

1. When? (1636). 

2. Where? (Providence). 

3. By whom? (Roger Williams). 

4. Character of people. C i. Relation to Massachu- 

5. Important events. ■< setts. 

( 2. Settlement of dispute. 

1. Proprietary. 

2. Charter. 

3. Changes. 

4. Constitution. 

5. Assembly. 



8, Wars. Pequod. 



9. Government. 
ID. Noted men. 



6. Government, 



22 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



IV. Rhode Island, 



7, Progress. 



Agriculture. 
Commerce. 



V. New Hampshire. ' 



VI. New 
York. 



1. Exports. 

2. Imports. 

3. Education (Brown University). 

4. Science. 

5. Art. 

6. Invention. 

7. Manufacture. 

8. Population. 

!i. Roger Williams. 
2. Ann Hutchison. 
3. Cotton Mather. 

1. Whe?t? {162-^) . fi. Agriculture. 

2. Where? (Dovtr). 2, Commerce. 

3. By whom ? 3. Education. 

4. Progress. ■' 4. Science. 

5. Art. 

6. Invention. 

7. Population. 

5. Character of settlers, f i. Charter. 
I 2. Proprietary. 
I 3. Government of Maine. 
[4. Assembly. 

Several proprietors. 

Royal province. 

Dispute between Me. and Mass. 

1. Ferdinand De Gorges. 

2. Capt. John Mason. 

3. Sir Edmund Andros. 
[ 4. Duke of Monmouth. 

1. Proprietary, 

2. Charter. 

3. Assembly. 

1. Capture by English. 

2. Restoration. 

3. Representation granted. 

4. Representation prohibited. 

5. Uprising of the people. 

6. Execution of Leisler and Melborne. 

7. Union of the Five Nations. 
Agriculture. 



6. Government. 



, Important 

evoits. 



. Noted men. 
fi. When? (1614). 

2. Where? (Manhattan Island) 

3. Bywhom? (Dutch), 

4. Government . 

5. Character of people. 



6. Important events 



7. Progress. 



8. Noted men. 



2. Commerce 

3. Manufacture. 

4. Education. 

5. Science. 

6. Art (printing) 

7. Invention. 

8. Population. 



U: 



Exports, 
Imports. 



1. Wouter Van Tvi'iller, 

2. Wm. Kieft. 

3. Peter Stuyvesant. 

4. Duke of York. 

5. Sir Edmund Andros. 
, 6. Col. Sloughter. 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



23 



VII. New 
Jersey. 



1. When? (1664). 

2. Where? (Elizabeth). 

3. By whom ? (English) 

4. Government. 

5. Character of people. 



Important 
events. 



7. Progress. 



8. Noted men. 



VIII. Pennsylvania. 



1. Proprietary. 

2. Charter. 

3. Assembly. 

4. Constitution. 

1. Division of colony. 

2. Wm. Penn manager of E. and W. Jersey. 

3. East Jersey sold to Penn. 

4. Union of colony. 

5. Separate governments. 

1. Agriculture. 

2. Commerce. 

3. Population. 

4. Education (Nassau Hall College). 

ii. Lord Berkeley. 
2. Sir Geo. Cartaret. 
3. Philip Cartaret. 
4. Wm. Penn. 
When? (1682). 
Where? (Philadelphia). 
By whom ? (William Penn). 

1 . Proprietary. 

2. Charter. 



S I. Exports. 
( 2. Imports. 



Character of people. 
Govertiment. 



6. Important events. 



3. Assembly. 

4. Constitution. 

Treaty with Indians. 

Penn's return to Eng- 
land. 

Dissensions. 

New charter. 

Penn's second visit to 
Pennsylvania. 

Mason and Dixon's 
line. 



7. Progress. 



8. Noted men. 



1. Exports. 

2. Imports. 



IX. Delaware. 



X, Maryland. 



1. Agriculture 

2. Commerce. 

3. Education. 

4. Science. 

5. Art (Newspapers). 

6. Invention. 

7. Population. 

ii. William Penn. 
2. William Markham. 
-?. Penn's sons. 



1. When? {i6z2>). 

2. Where? (Wilmington). 

3. By whom ? (Swedes). 

4. Character of people. 

5. Progress. 

6. Important events. C i . Proprietary. 

7. Government. \ 2. Charter. 

1. When? (1634). (3. Assembly. 

2. Where ? (St. Mary's). 



24 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



X. Maryland. 



By whom ? (Lord Baltimore). 



Character of the people 
Government, 



U; 



6. Important events. 



7. Progress. 



8. Noted men 



n; 



XI. North Carolina. 



Proprietary. 
. _. Charter. 
( 3. Assembly. 

Clayborne's Rebellion. 

Toleration Act. 

Disfranchisement of Catho- 
lics. 

Civil War. 

Second Religious War. 

Made a Royal Province. 
Agriculture. 
Commerce. 
Science. 
Art. 

Education, 
Invention. 
Population. 

1. Lord Baltimore. 

2. Leonard Calvert. 
( 3. Charles Calvert. 

When? (1650). 
Where? (Albemarle) 
By whom ? (English). 

Government. 
Character of people. 



Exports. 
Imports. 

Common schools. 
Public library. 



3. Colleges. 



6. Important events 



7. Progress 



Noted men 

I. 

2. 

3- 



II. Proprietary. 
2. Charter. 
3. Grand model. 
4. Assembly. 

1. Culpepper Revolt. 

2. Indian Massacre. 
( 3. Division of Colony. 

Agriculture, r 

(2. 



Exports. 
Imports. 



XII. South Carolina. ■ 



Commerce. 

Education. 

Science. 

Art. 

Invention. 

Population. 

1. Lord Clarendon. 

2. William Sayle. 
When? (1670). { 3. Seth Sothel. 
Where? (Ashley River). 

BywhojH? (English). C i. Proprietary. 
Government. <. 2. Charter. 

Character of people. ( 3. Assembly. 

1. Introduction of slaves 
(1682). 

2. Rebellion. 

3. Cultivation of rice (1694). 

4. Expedition to St. Augustine. 

5. Expedition against Charles- 
ton. 

6. Indian War, 

7. Made a Royal Province. 



6. Important 
events. 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



25 



' 7. Progress. 



XII. South Carolina. • 



8. Noted men. 



XIII. Georgia. 



When? (1733). [^ 

Where? (Savannah). 
By whom ? (Oglethorpe) 

Government. 



1. Agriculture 

2. Commerce. 

3. Education. 

4. Science. 

5. Art. 

6. Population. 

{I. Governor Colleton 
2. Sir John Yeamans 
3. Governor Moore. 
4. Governor Craven. 



1. Exports. 

2. Imports. 



5. Character of people. 



6. Important events. 



1. Proprietary. 

2. Charter. 
I 3. Assembly. 
[4. Change. 

1. Invasion of Florida. 

2. Spanish Invasion. 

3. Oglethorpe's return to Eng- 
land. 



7. Progress. 



8. Noted men. 



1. Agriculture. 

2. Commerce. 

3. Education. 

4. Science. 

5. Art. 

6. Invention. 

7. Population. 

C I. James Oglethorpe 
< 2. Charles Wesley. 
( 3. John Wesley. 



Exports. 
Imports. 



CHAPTER II.— DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATES. 



I. Washington's 
administration. 



, hnportant 
events. 



Time of election (April 30, 1789). 
Politics (none). 

Leiigth of service (Two terms). 
' I. Revenue. 

2. Public debt ($74,000,000). 

3. United States Bank (1791.) 

4. District of Columbia (1790). 

5. Admission of Vermont (1791). 

6. French Revolution. 

7. Whiskey Insurrection (1794). 

8. Spanish Boundaries (1795). 

9. Retirement (March 4, 1797). 
Thomas Jefferson (Secretary of State). 
Henry Knox (Secretary of War). 
Edmund Randolf (Attorney-General). 
Alexander Hamilton (Secretary of 

Treasury). 



5. Noted 



26 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



II. Adams' ADMIN- 
ISTRATION. 



4- 



III. Jefferson's ad- 
ministration. 



IV. Madison's ad- 
ministration. 



V. Monroe's ad- 
ministration. 



Impo rt ant 

events. 



. Important 
events. 



VI. John Q. Adams' \ i. 
administration. \ 2. 



Time of election ( 1 796) . 
Politics (Federal). 
Length 0/ term (4 years). 

I I. Internal affairs. 

2. Alien and Sedition Laws (1798). 

3. French Hostilities. 

4. Reprisals (1798). 

5. Treaty with Bonaparte (1800). 

6. Death of Washington (Dec. 14, 
1799, Age 68 years). 

Time of election (March 4, 1801). 
Politics (Republican). 
Length of term (2, years). 

I I . Measures of Economy. 

2. Louisiana Purchase (In 1803, 
for $15,000,000). 

3. War with Tripoli (1801). 

4. Aaron Burr's duel (July, 1804). 

5. European Blockade (May, 
1806). 

6. Right of Search. 

7. Firing upon the Chesapeake 
(June, 1807). 

8. Proclamation by President. 

9. British Trading Decree (Nov., 
1807). 

10. Milan Decree (Nov., 1807). 

11. American Embargo (Dec, 1 807). 

1. Time of election (March 4, 1809). 

2. Politics (Republican). 

3. Length of time (8 years). 

1. Non-intercourse Act (1809). 

2. Indian Outbreak (1811), 

3. Battle of Tippecanoe. 

4. War declared against England 
(June 19, 181 2). 

5. Revocation of Milan Decree (1810). 

6. Charter of U. S. Bank (1816). 

7. War with Algiers. 

8. Treaty. 

1. Time of election (March. ^, 1817). 

2. Politics (Neutral). 

3. Length of service (8 years). 

1. Prosperity of the country. 

2. War with Seminoles (1817). 

3. Admission of Maine (1820). 

4. Important '\ 4. Missouri Compromise (1821). 
events. \ 5. Monroe Doctrine (1822). 

6. Lafayette's Visit (1824). 

7. Purchase of Florida (In 18 19 for 
$5,000,000). 

Time of election (March 4, 1825). 
Politics Whig).'. 



, Important 
events. 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



27 



VI. John Q. Adams' 

ADMINISTRATION. 



4. l7nporta7it 
events. 



VII. Jackson's AD- 
MINISTRATION. 



4. Important 
ez'ents. 



VIII. Van Buren's 

ADMINISTRATION. 



IX. Harrison and 
Tyler's adminis- 
tration. 



X. Polk's admin- 
istration. 



3. Length of service (4 years). 

' I. Prosperity of the country, 

2. Death of Jefferson and Adams 
(July 4, 1826). 

3. Protective tariff (1828). 

4. First railroad. 
Tz'me of election (March 4, 1829). 
Politics (Democrat). 

Length of term (8 years). 

1. Veto of U. S. Bank (1832 and 1836). 

2. Black Hawk's War (1832). 

3. Tariff Bill (1832). 

4. Nullification Act (1832). 

5. Clay's Compromise. 

6. Florida War (1835). 

7. Scott takes command (1836). 

8. Victory by Col. Taylor (Dec, 1837). 

9. Bank and Tariff question. 

1. Time of election (March 4, 1837). 

2. Politics (Democrat). 

3. Letigth of service (4 years). 

r I. Panic of 1837. 

4. Important \ 2. Canadian Rebellion (1837). 
events. 1 3. Ashburton Treaty (1842). 

[4. Sub-Treasury Bill (1840). 
' I. Time of elect io7i (March 4, 1841). 

2. Politics (Whig). 

3. Length of service (4 years, i month). 
' I. Death of Harrison (April i). 

2. Resignation of Cabinet. 

3. United Slates Bank veto. 

4. Dorr's Rebellion (1842). 

5. Anti-rent Difficulties (1844). 

6. The Mormans (1845). 

7. Annexation of Texas (1845). 

8. North-east Boundary. 
Time of election (March, 1845). 
Politics (Democrat). 
Lcjigth of term (4 years). 



4. Important 
events. 



. Importattt 
events. 



XI. Taylor and 
Filmore's ad- 
ministration. 



Mexican War (See War, July 4, 

1845). 

The Wilmot Proviso (1846). 

Discovery of gold in California 

(1848). 

Time of election (March 4, 1849). 
Politics (Whig). 
Length of term (4 years; Taylor, 16 months). 

1. Slavery question. 

2. Omnibus Bill (Sep., 1850). 

3. The Admission of California (1850). 

4. Death of Taylor (July 9, 1850). 

5. Death of Clay and Webster (1852). 

6. Invasion of Cuba. 



, Lnportant 
events. 



28 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



XII. Pierce's ad- 
ministration. 



U- 



XIII. Buchanan's 

ADMINISTRATION, 



f I- 
2. 

3- 



4. Important 
events. 



XIV. Lincoln's 

TRATION. 



XV, Johnson's ad- 
ministration. 



XVI. Grant's ad- 
ministration. 



Time of election (March 4, 1853). 
Politics (Democrat). 
Length of ter7n (4 years). 

(I. The Gadsden Purchase ($10,000,000) 
2. Kansas-Nebraska Bill (May, 1854). 
3. Border warfare. 
4. Perry's Expedition to Japan (1854). 
Tiiue of election (March 4, 1857). 
Politics (Democrat). 
Length of service (4 years). 

' I. Dred Scott Decision (1857). 

2. Fugitive Slave law. 

3. John Brown's Raid (1859). 

4. Secession of the South (Dec, 
i860). 

5. Seizing of United States Forts, 
etc. (i860). 

1, Time of election (March 4, 1861), 

2, Politics (Republican). 
ADMINIS- 3, Length of service (4 years), 

4. Condition of country. 

5. Great Civil War. (See IVar.) 

6. Assassination (April 14, 1865). 

1. Time of election (April 15, 1865). 

2. Politics (Republican). 

3. Length of term (4 years). 

1. Disbanding the army (1865), 

2. Reconstruction Policy. 

3. The 13th Amendment (Dec. 18, 
1865). 

4. Public debt ($2,700,000,000, 
June, 1865). 

5. Reconstruction Policy of Con- 
gress (1867). 

6. Admission of Seceded States 
(June 24, 1868). 

7. Tenure of Office Bill (1867). 

8. Impeachment of the President 
(Jan. 24, 1868). 

9. The 14th Amendment (July 28, 
1868). 

10. Indian War (1865-68). 

11. French in Mexico (1863). 

12. Laying Atlantic cable (1866). 

13. Purchase of Alaska ($7,200,000, 
March, 1867). 

14. Fenian excitement. 
, 15. Treaty with China (1868), 

' I. Time of election (March 4, 1869), 

2. Politics (Republican). 

3. Length of service (8 years). 

4. Itnportant \ i. Pacific Railroad (1869). [1870). 
[ events. \ 2, Fifteenth Amendment (March 30, 



, Important ^ 

events. 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



29 



XVI. Grant's ad- 
ministration. 



4. Importa7it 
evetits. 



Chicago. I Oct ^^; 

3. Great Fires. -J 2, Forest. 
U.Boston. jNov 9. 

\ 1872. 

4. Treaty of Wasliington (Feb., 
1871). 

5. Prospects of tlie country. 

6. Proposed annexation of Santo Do- 
mingo. 

7. Death of Greeley (Nov. 29, 1872). 

8. Modoc Indians (1873). 

9. Credit Mobilier. 

10. Railroad Panic (1873). 

11. Centennial Exhibition (May 10, 
1876, for 6 months.) 

12. War with Sioux Indians (1877). 

13. The Virginius (1868). 

14. Joint Electoral Commission. 

15. Admission of Colorado Quly i, 
1876). 

1. Time of election (March 4, 1877). 

2. Politics (Republican). 

3. Leftgth 0/ service (4 years), 
c I. United States troops at the South 

withdrawn. 

2. Railroad strike (1877). 

3. Bland Silver Bill (Feb. 21, 1878). 

4. Fishery award ($5,500,000). 

5. Resumption of Specie payment 
(Jan. I, 1879). 

1. Titne of election (March 4, 1881). 

2. Politics (Republican), 

3. Length of service. 

4. Assassination (July 2, 1881). 

5. Death (Sept. 19, 188 1). 
XIX. Arthur's inauguration (Sept. 20, 1881). 



XVII. Hayes' ad 
ministration. 



XVIII. Garfield's 

ministration. 



4. Important 
events. 



AD- 



CHAPTER III.— MISCELLANEOUS EVENTS DURING THIS 

EPOCH. 



I. Progress, i. In States. 



1. Vermont (March 

4. 1791)- 

2. Kentucky (June 
I, 1792). 

3. Tennessee (June 
I, 1796). 

4. Ohio (Nov. 29, 
1802). 



5. Louisiana (April 
8, 1812). 

6. Indiana (Dec. ir, 
1816). 

7. Mississippi (Dec. 
10, 1817). 

8. Illinois (Dec. 3, 
1818). 



30 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



I. Progress. 



I. In States. ■ 



1 8. California (Sep. 
9, 1850). 

19. Minnesota (May 
II, 1858). 

20. Oregon (Feb. 14, 
1859). 

21. Kansas (Jan. 29, 
1861). 

22. West Virginia 
(June 20, 1863). 

23. Nevada (Oct. 31, 
1864). 

24. Nebraska (March 
I, 1867). 

25. Colorado (July i, 
1876). 



29, i< 

1. Louisiana purchase (April 30, 1803, for 
$15,000,000). 

2. Spanish Florida (Feb. 22, 1819, for 
$5,000,000). 

3. Texas (1845). 

4. California (1848). 

5. Gadsden Purchase ''1853, $10,000,000). 

6. Alaska (October, 1867, for $7,200,000). 
3. In population (from 2,000,000 to 52,000,000). 



9. Alabama (Dec. 

14, 1819). 

10. Maine (March 15, 
1820). 

1 1 . Missouri (August 
10, 1821). 

12. Arkansas (June 

15. 1836). 

13. Michigan (Jan. 
26, 1837). 

14. Florida (March 3, 
1845). 

15. Texas (Dec. 27, 

1845)- 

16. Iowa (Dec. 28, 
1846). 

17. Wisconsin (May 



2. In area. 



4. Iti productio7i. 

5. In agriculture. 

6. In manufacture. 

7. hi commerce. 

8. hi inve7ition. 



9. hitellectually. 



10. Fine arts. 



11. Morally. 

12. In Governtnental science. 



II. Authors, i. Historians. 



1. Lightning rod (By Franklin, 1752). 

2. Cotton gin (By Whitney, 1792). 

3. Steamboat (By Fulton, Sept. 4, 
1807). 

4. Railroad (1827 First, now 52,000 
miles). 

5. Electro-magnetic telegraph 
(Morse, 1844). 

6. Atlantic Cable (Cyrus W. P^ield, 
1857-58, 1866). 

7. Telephone (Bell, 1876-77). 

8. Varied machinery. 

1. Common schools. 

2. High schools. 

3. Colleges. 

4. Newspapers. 

5. Books. 

1. Painting. 

2. Sculpture. 

r I. Churches. 

j 2. Bible societies. 

3. Orphan asylums, 

4. Hospitals. 

1. Bancroft. 4. Greeley. 

2. Prescott. 5. Forney. 

3. Motley. 6. Headly. 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



31 



II. Authors. 



I. Historians. 



2. Poets. 



\l 



III. Orators. ■ 



Barnes. 
Ridpath, 

1. Bryant. 

2. Whittier. 

3. Simms. 

/ I. Cooper. 
3. Romantic and] 2. Hawthorne. 
miscellaneous. \ 3. Irving. 

[4. Channing. 

1. Webster. 7. Seward. 

2. Clay. 8. Prentice. 

3. Calhoun. 9. Step/tens. 

4. Benton. 10. Douglass. 

5. Everett. II. Choate. 

6. Phillips. 12. Sumner. 



9. Lossing. 
10. Anderson. 

4. Poe. 

5. Holmes. 

6. Longfellow. 

5. Legare. 

6. H. B. Stowe. 

7. Mrs. Sigourney. 



CHAPTER IV.— WARS OF UNITED STATES. 



I. Cause (War between England and France on 
account of James II., King of England). 



I. King William's 



II. Queen Anne's 



III. King George's 



IV. French 

AND INDIAN. 



2. Time (1689). f i. Port Royal (1690). 

3. Length (8 2. Expedition against Quebec 
years). (1690). 

4. Battles. J 3. Indian Expeditions (Schenec- 

5. Result (same tady, Haverhill), 
as before). 4. Commanders (Gov. Phipps). 

5. Treaty (Ryswick, 1697.) 
Cause (To place James' son on the Throne of Eng- 
land. France against England). 
Time (1702). 
Length (11 years). 

C I. Expedition against Port Royal (1707). 
Second expedition against Port Royal 

(1710)- 
[3. Invasion of Canada (1711). 
Result (French gave up Acadia). 
Treaty (Utrecht, 1713)- 

1. Caz^jt' (Troubles in Europe). 

2. Time (1744). 

3. Battle (Capture of Louisburg, 1745). 

4. Length (4 years). 

5. Result (both parties restored territory taken). 

6. 7>^«/y (Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748). 
Cause (Overlapping Claims). 

Time (1754). 
Wash ington 's Journey. 

^,. . .' , E- .< 71 C I- First Expedition (Sur- 
Object zveSi. Fort Du\ ^^^^^^ J Washington, 
points. \ Quesne. | July 4. 1754). 



4. Battles. 



32 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



f4. Objective 
points. 



IV. French 
AND Indian. 



' 2. Second Expedition (De- 
feat of Braddock, July 

9. 1755)- 

3. Result (Capture of the 
fort bv General Forbes, 
1758).' 

f I . Braddock., 

4. Com- J 2. Forbes, 
manders. j 3. Washing- 

[ ton. 
i I. Acadia (1755). 
} 2. Louisburg (1757). 
( 3. Commanders, 
f I. Battle of Lake George 

(1755)- 

2. Attack on Ticonderoga 

(1758). 

3. Capture of the Forts 

(1759). 
A r^^ ( I- Dieskau. 
4- Com- ^ 2. A b e r- 

manders. ) _, . 

( crombie. 

5. Result (Opened the 
route to Canada). 

Niagara (Captured in July, 1759). 
' I. Attack (Sept. 13, 1759). 

2. Com- j I. Montcalm, 
manders. ) 2. Wolf. 

3. Result (Surrender of city, 
I Sept. 18, 1759). 

5. Length (9 years). [4. Loss (Both commanders.) 

6. Close (In 1760 for English, but French kept it up till 

1763). 

7. Treaty (Of Paris, 1763). 
' I. England gained all the possessions of the 

French North of Iberville River and East of 

8. Effects. \ Mississippi River. 
2. $16,000,000 loss, and — 



Fort Du 

Qiiesne. 



Acadia 
and Louis- 
burg. 



. C'r o w n 
Point and 
Ticond 
oga. 



5. Quebec. 



V. 



3. 30,000 men. 
9. Lncidents of the war. 
PoNTiAC's War (1763). 



VI. War of 
Revolution, 



I, Causes. 



, Battles 
of\77S- 



Writs of Assistance. 

Stamp Act (Passed 1765). 

Mutiny Act (1767). 

Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770). 

Boston Tea-party (Dec. 16, 1773). 

1. When.? (April 19, 1775). 

2. Number engaged. 

3. Commanders. 

4. Result (British defeat). 

5. Effects. 
When? (June 17, 1775).. 
Commanders. 



I. Lexington. 



2. Bunker Hill. 



1.: 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



33 



VI. W A R OF 

Revolution. 



2. Battles 

of ins- 



4- 



r I. 



3. Battles 
0/1776. 



Bunker Hill. \ ^ 



Capture of 
Ticonderoga. 



Canada e x- 
peditio?i. 



Result (British defeat). 
4. Effect. 
' \. Wlien.? (May 10, 1775). 

2. Commanders. 

3. Result (English defeat). 

4. Effect. 

1. First column. 

2. Second column. 

3. Attack on Quebec (Dec. 

31. 1775)- 

4. Result (Patriot failure). 
^ 5. Effects. 

Evacuation of Boston (March 17, 1776). 
A^^ 7. r-y ( I- The Enelish fleet. 
Attack on Ft. ) ^ Commanders. 
Moultrie. | ^ ^^^^^^_ 

Campaign near New York (July 12). 

i I. Time (August 27). 
Battle of\2. Commanders. 
Long Island. ] 3. Result. 
4. Effect. 

1. To Harlem Heights. 

2. To White Plains. 

3. To North Castle. 

4. Flight through N. J. 

5. Condition of country. 

1. Time (Dec. 25, 1776). 

2. Commanders. 

3. Number engaged. 

4. Result. 
q. Effects. 



, Washingtons 
retreat. 



6. Battle of 
Trenton. 



4. Battles 
of 1777- 



Battle of 
Princeton. 



1. Time (January 3, 1777). 

2. Commanders. 

3. Number engaged. 

4. Result. 



5- 



4- 



Effect. 

1. Time (Oct. 4, 1777). 

2. Commanders. 

3. Number engaged. 

4. Result. 

5. Effect. 

1. Time (Sept. 11, i777). 

2. Commanders. 

3. Number engaged. 

4. Result. 

5. Effect. 
Campaign at the North. 

' I. Time. 

2. Commanders. 

3. Number engaged. 

4. Result. 

5. Effect. 



, Battle of 
Germantown, 



Battle of 
Brandywine. 



Battle of Ben 
nington. 



34 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



4. Battles 
of 1777- 



' 6. Burgoyne's In- 
vasion. ^ 



Battles of 
Saratoga. 



. Battles 
of 1778. 



VI. War of. 

Revolution. ' 



7, Battle of Mon- 
mouth. 



Campaign z : 
Rhode Island. 



6. Battles, 
etc., of 
1779. ^ 



1. Intent (June, 1777). 

2. Number of men (10,- 
000). 

3. Crown Point. 

4. Ticonderoga. 

5. Fort Edwards. 

1. Time (Sept. 19; Oct. 7). 

2. Commanders. 

3. Number engaged. 

4. Result. 

5. Effects. 

' I. Winter at Valley Forge (1777-78), 

2. Conway Cabal {\']']'S). 

3. French Alliance (Feb. 6, 1778), 

4. Conciliatory proposals. 

5. Atnerica' s friends. 

6. Evacuation of Philadelphia. 
' I . When } (June 28, 

1778). 

2. Commanders. 

3. Number engaged. 

4. Result. 

5. Effect, 
r';? ( I. French fleet. 
■ \ 2. Result. 

^9. Massacre of Wyotning (July, 1778). 

' I. Capture of Savannah 
(Dec. 29, 1778). 
2. Capture of Fort Sun- 
I. Campaign in] bury (Jan., 1779). 
the South. I 3. Battle of Kettle Creek 

(Feb., 1779). 
4. Battle of Brier Creek 
(March, 1779). 

1. Expedition into Con- 
necticut. 

2. Expedition to Ports- 
mouth. 

3. Capture of Stony 
Point. 

4. Second expedition to 
Connecticut. 

5. Recapture of Stony 
Point. 

6. Capture of Paulus 
Hook (July). 

7. Expedition against 
Fort Castine (July, 

1779)- 

8. Operations aga i n s t 
the Indians. 

3. Siege of Savannah (September, 1779). 

4. Squadron of Paul f ones (September). 



Campaign 
the North. 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



35 



VI. W A R OF 

Revolution. 



7. Battles, 
etc., of 
1780. 



. B at - 
ties, etc., 
of 1781. 



9. Miscel- 
laneous. 



9- 
10. 
VII. Second War with England 
I. Events of 1812. i. Cause. 



Campaign In the South. 

1. When ? (Aug. 16). 

2. Commanders. 

3. Number engaged. 

4. Result. 

5. Effect, r I. Marion. 
Position of Comtnan-] 2. Sumter. 

ders. j 3. Pickens. 

4. Arnold's treason. \ 4. Lee. 

' I. War in the South. 

1. Gu ilford Court 
House (Mar. 15, 1781). 

2. Ninety-six (May), 

3. Eutaw Springs 
(September). 

1. Arnold's Expedition 
into Virginia (J a n., 
1781). 

2. Lafayette's defence. 

3. Cornwallis in Virgin- 
ia (June). 

Difficulties of the country. 

' I. Time (Oct. 19, 1781). 

2. Commanders. 

3. Number of men. 

4. Result. 
^5. Effect. 

7. Peace declared (Nov. 30). 

8, Treaty (Sept. 3, 1783). 

1. When? (Sept. 5, 

1774). 

2. Where .> (Philadel- 
phia). 

3. Result (Agreed upon 
a Decla ration of 
Rights). 

' I. W h e n ? (May, 

1775)- 

2. Where > (Philadel- 
phia). 

3. Result (Voted mon- 
[ ey and an army). 

Stratagem of Fort Staftwix. 
Frati.klin s mission to France. 
Troubles in camp (1780 and 1781). 
Morris, Financial agent. 
Shay's Rebellion. 

Constitutiotial Convention (May, 1787), 
Adoption of Constitution {S&'i)i. 17, 1787). 
Continental money. 

1. Right of Search. 

2. Impressment of our seamen. 

3. Seizing our vessels as prizes. 



Battle of 
Camden, 



2. Closing battles. 

3. Green s retreat. 

4. In the North. 



Siege of Yorb 
town. 



I. First Conti- 
nent a I Co Ti- 
gress. 



2. Second Conti- 
n e 71 t a I C o n- 
gress. 



36 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



I. Events of 1812.- 



, Surrender of 
Detroit. " 



Battle of 
Queenstown. 



. Naval 
tories. 



II. Events 
1813. 



O F 



III. Events OF 
1 814. 



VIII. War with 
Mexico. 



1. When.? (Aug. 16, 18 12). 

2. Commanders (Hull and Brock). 

3. Result (loss of Michigan). 

1. When? (Oct. 13, 1812). 

2. Commanders (Van Rensselaer 
and Brock). 

3. Number of men. 

4. Result (Surrender of part of 
army). 

1. Constitution and Guerriere 
(Aug. 9). 

2. Frolic and Wasp (Oct. 13). 

3. Other victories (300 prizes cap- 
tured). 

The Northern Army. 
The Central Army. 
The Western Army. 

1. When.? (Oct. 5). 

2. Commanders (Proctor and Har- 
rison). 

3. Result (Decided the war). 
[4. Effect (Relieved Michigan). 

Perry s victory (Sept. 10, 181 3). 

{I. Chesapeake and Shannon 
(June I 1 81 3) 
2. Hornet and Peacock (Feb. 
24). 
fi. When? (July 25. 1814). 

2. Commanders (Brown and Drum- 
mond). 

3. Result (Not decisive). 

1. When? (Sept. n, 1814). 

2. Commanders (Prevost and Ma- 
comb). 

[ 3. Result (Capture of British fleet). 
Ravages on Atlantic coast. 

\. When? (Jan. 8, 181 5). 

2. Commanders (Jackson and Pak- 
enham). 

3. Result (British defeat). 

1. In money ($127,000,000). 

2. Loss of men. 

3. Increase of manufacture. 
Treaty (Dec. 24, 1814, at Ghent; Ratified Feb. 17, 18 15). 

I. Cause. Annexation of Texas (July 4, 1845). 

1. When? (April 24, 1846). 

2. Commanders (Taylor and Arista). 

3. Number of men (2300 and 6000). 

4. Result (possession of Matamoras), 
I. When? (Sept. 24, 1846). 

3. Capture of \ 2. Commanders (Taylor and Ampudia). 
Moftterey. | 3. Number of men (6000 and 10,000). 
4. Result (Capture of city). 



4. Battle of the 
Thames. 



5- 



I. Battle of Lun 
dy's Lane. 



Battle of Lake 
Champlaitt. 



4. Battle of New 
Orleans. 



Result of war. 
Peace declared. 



2. Campaign oft 
Rio Grande. 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



37 



VIII. War WITH 
Mexico. 



IX. War of 

Rebellion. 



\. Battle of 
Beufia Vista. 



5. Conquest of New 
Mexico and Cat. 



6. Capture of \ 
Vera Cruz. 



Battle of 
Cerro Gordo 



. Battles be- 
foreMexico. 



1. When? (Feb. 23, 1847). 

2. Commanders (Taylor and Santa 
Anna). 

3. Number of men (Less than 5000 
and 20,000). 

4. Result (Mexican defeat). 
When.? (June, 1846). 
Commanders (Kearney). 
Number of men (1000 ; vastly 

more). 

Result (Independence of Cali- 
fornia July 5, 1846). 

. When ? (March 29, 1847). 

;. Commanders (Scott and Santa Anna). 

1. Number of men (12,000; and more). 

.. Result (Capture of fortress and city). 

f I. When.' (April 18, 1847). 

2. Commanders (Scott and Santa 
Anna). 

3. Numberof men (12,000 and 12,000), 
(4. Result (Mexican defeat). 

1. When.MAug.7,19, 2o.»; Sept. 8,1847). 

2. Commanders (Scott and Santa 
Anna). 

3. Number of men (10,000 and 30,- 
000). 

4. Result (Occupancy of Mexico, Sept. 
14, 1847). 

9. Peace (July 4, 1848). 

10. Treaty (Feb. 2, 1848, Guadaloupe Hidalgo). 

\ Cession of New Mexico, Utah, and Cali- 

11. Result.} fornia to the United States by Mexico 

( for $15,000,000). 
( I. Free trade. 
Slave labor. 
States Rights doctrine. 

1. Surrender of Sumter (April 14, 1861). 

2. West Virginia Campaign (May 24,1861). 

3. Big Bethel Repulse (June 10, 1861). 

4. Ball's Bluff (Oct. 21, 1861). 

1. Battle of Carthage (June 17, 1861). 

2. Battle of Wilson's Creek (Aug. 10, 1861). 

3. Battle of Belmont (Nov. 7, 1861). 

1. Movement of the army of the Peninsula 
(April 4). 

2. Capture of Yorktown (May 4). 

3. Battle of Williamsburg (May 5). 

4. Battle of Fair Oaks (May 31, June i). 

5. Jackson's Raid (June 8). 

6. Seven Days' Retreat (June 28, 29, 30, 
July I, 2, 3, 4). 

7. Battle of Gains' Mills (June 27). 

8. Invasion of the North (Sept. 5). 



I. Cause. 



Events in 
1861, East. 

Events in 
1861, IVest. 



Events in 
1862, East. 



38 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



IX. War of 
Rebellion. 



r4- 



Events in 
1862, East. 



Events in 
1862, IVest. 



6. Events in 
1 863, East. • 



Events in 
1863, West. 



Events in 
1864, East. 



9. Battle of South Mountain (Sept. 14). 

10. Surrender of Harper's Ferry (Sept. 15). 

11. Battle of Antietam (Sept. 17). 

12. Battle of Fredericksburg (Dec. 13). 

13. Capture of New Orleans (April 28). 

r I. Capture of Fort Henry (Feb. 6, 1862). 

2. Capture of Fort Donelson (Feb. 16). 

3. Occupation of Nashville (Feb. 23). 

4. Occupation of Columbus (March 12). 

5. Battle of Shiloh (April 6, 7 ; men, 
40,000 and 57,000). 

6. Capture of Island No. 10 (April 7). 

7. Capture of Corinth (May 30). 

8. Invasion of Kentucky by Bragg (Aug.). 

9. His retreat and battle of Perryville 
(Oct. 8). 

10. Battle of Murfreesboro (Dec. 31 and 
Jan. I). 

11. Battle of luka. 

12. Battle of Pea Ridge (March 7, 8). 

13. Battle of Memphis (June 6). 

1. Battle of Chancellorsville (May 2, 3). 

2. Invasion of Pennsylvania by Lee. 

3. Battles ofi!- ?'"■" ^^>! '^'i'/ i"\ 
^Gettysburg. I -|-"''4y/J,f3,^)- 

4. Lee's retreat. 

5. Effect of these j Exploded the idea of 
battles. \ northern invasion. 

1. Siege of Vicksburg (July 4). 

2. Surrender of Port Hudson (July 9). 

3. Rosenkrans in Tennessee (June). 

4. Battle of Chickamauga (Sept. 19, 20), 

5. Battle of Chattanooga (Nov. 23, 24, 25). 

6. Battle of Missionary Ridge (Nov. 25). 

7. Operations in East Tennessee (Nov. 

30)- 

8. Naval attack on Sumter (April 7). 

9. Capture of Fort Wagner (Sept. 7). 

1. Grant's Campaign (May 4). 

2. Battle of the Wilderness (May 5, 6). 

3. Battle of Spottsylvania (May 8, 9, 10, 
II, 12). 

4. Battle of North Anna (June 3). 

5. Battle of Cold Harbor (June 3). 

6. Attack on Petersburg (June 8). 

7. Operations in Shenandoah Valley. 

8. Butler's Advance on Petersburg (June 
18). 

9. The Mine Explosion (July 30). 

10. Siege of Washington (July 10). 

11. Battle of Monocacy (July 9). 

12. Sheridan's Valley Campaign (Sept.). 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



39 



IX. War of 
Rebellion, 



3. E-oents in 1864, 
East. 



I. Events in 
West. 



1864, 



10. Events in 1865, 
South. 



II. Events in 
East. 



( I. Result. 



IX. War of 
Rebelli on 

(MiSCEL LA- 
NEOUS). 



2. Incidents con- 
nected with the 
war. 



I 13. Battle of Winchester (Sept. 19). 
' 14. Battle of Cedar Creek (Oct. 19). 

1. Sherman's Campaign (May 6). 

2. Battles of Resaca and Dallas 
(May 14, 15, 25-28). 

3. Battles of Kenesaw Mountain 
(June 22). 

4. Hood's Attack at Atlanta (July 
20, 22, 28). 

5. His Western movement. 

6. Battle of Franklin (Nov. 30). 

7. Battle of Nashville (Dec. 15, 16). 

8. Sherman's March to the Sea. 

9. Capture of Fort M'Allister 
(Dec. 13). 

10. Capture of Savannah (Dec. 24). 

11. Battle of Olustee (Feb. 20). 

12. Fort Pillow Massacre (April 12). 

13. Red River Expedition (March 
and April). 

14. Expedition against Mobile (Aug. 

5)- 

15. Expedition against Fort Fisher 
(Dec. 24, 25). 

1. Northward march of Sherman 
(Feb.). 

2. Capture of Columbus (Feb. 17). 

3. Fall of Charleston (Feb. 18). 

4. Battle of Averysboro (Mar. 15). 

5. Battle of Goldsboro (Mar. 23). 

1. Sheridan in the Shenandoah 
(May). 

2. Attack on Fort Steadman (Feb. 
25). 

3. Battle of Five Forks (April i). 

4. Attack on Petersburg (April 2). 

5. Petersburg and Richmond Falls 
(April 2, 3). 

6. Retreat of Lee (April 3 to 9). 

7. Surrender of Lee's Army (April 

9)- 

8. Surrender of Johnston (April 26). 
Abolition of Slavery (1865). 

Entire freedom of Country. 
Settlement of State Rights question. 
' I. Emancipation Proclamation (Jan. 
I, 1863.) 

2. Death of Lincoln (April 14, 1865). 

3. His Funeral (April 19, 1865). 

4. Attempt on the life of Seward 
(April 14, 1865). 

5. Execution of Conspirators. 

6. Death of Wilkes Booth. 



1865, 



40 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



IX. War of 
Rebell ion 
(Miscella- 
neous). 



2. Incidents con- 
nected with the 



7. Proclamation of Neutrality by 
England and France (May 13, 1861). 

8. McClellan superseded by Burn- 
side (Nov., 1862). 

9. Draft Riot (July 13-16, 1863). 

10. Christian Commission. 

11. The Trent Affair (Nov. 8. 1861). 

12. Sanitary Commission. 

13. Merrimac and Monitor (March 8, 



0- 



3. Result 
of war. 



14. Resignation of Scott (July, 1861). 

15. Sioux War (1862). 

16. Alabama and Kearsarge (July 19, 
1864). 

17. Paper Money ($2.80 in 1864). 

18. Capture of Davis (May 11, 1865). 
In Money ($2,749,000,000). 

f I. Killed 300,000. 
In Men. \ 2. Crippled for life 200,000. 

( 3. Confederates 500,000. 
In Destruction of property. 



SECTION VIII. 

GEOGRAPHY. 



CHAPTER I.— MATHEMATICAL. 



I. Mathematical. 



I. Terms. 



Sphere. 

Hemisphere. 

Diameter. 

Circumference. 

Circle. 



2. Shape 
and size 
of earth. 



C I. Degrees. 

\ 2. Minutes. 
\ 3. Seconds. 
By appearance 
of ships. 
Shadow in 
Eclipse. 
C i rcumnaviga- 
tion. 

f I. Longest Di- 
I ameter. 
I 2. Shortest Di- 
[ ameter. 
Extent of Circumference. 
Extent of Diameter. 



1. General shape. 

2. Proofs of rotun- 
dity. 



3. Oblate Spheroid. 



6. Axis 



7. Poles 



U: 



Circles of 
sitttation. 



North Pole. 
South Pole. 
Their use. 



Their 
names. 



3. Latitude. 



1. North 
Hemi- 
sphere. 

2. South 
Hemi- 
sphere. 



4. Motions of 
earth. 



1 4. Longitude. 



f I. Rotation. 



2. Revolution. 



Equator. 
Parallels. 
Meridians, 
j I. North. 

2. South. 

3. How reckoned. 

4. Length of Degree. 

1. Prime Meridian. 

2. East Longitude. 

3. West Longitude. 

4. Length of De- 
gree. 

f I. On what .'' 
< 2. In what time ? 
( 3. Result. 

SI. Around what ? 
2. In what time ? 
3. Result. 



42 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



I. Mathematical. 



, ry ■ 3 I. Of Cancer. 

5. a/maie ) '* ^^'OP'^^- \ 2. Of Capricorn. 
circles. 1 ^ ti i n- \ M- Arctic Circle. 

(2. Polar Circles.] 3 Antarctic Circle. 

6. Torrid Zone. 



1. Situation. 

2. Characteristics. 



„ ™ , , < I. Situation. 

7. Temperate, j ^^ characteristics. 

o T7 ■ -J S\- Situation. 

8. i^r/^/^. I 2_ Characteristics. 



CHAPTER II.— PHYSICAL. 



I. Land. 



I. Extent. 



\l 



Continents. 
Islands. 

f I. Peninsulas. 
Contour forms. < 2. Capes. 

( 3. Isthmuses. 



. Relief 
forms. 



I. Low lands. 



2. High lands. 



1. Plains. < 

2. Valleys. 
( I. Plateaus. 



Desert. 
Forest. 
Prairies. 



U: 



2. Mountains. 



II. Water. 



I. The Ocean. 



= ^. f I. Seas. 
V- c 2. Gulfs. 
;§ -2 J 3. Bays. 

.•S-a [4. Straits. 



2. Rivers. 



3. Lakes. 



III. Climate. 



IV. Plants. i. Tropical. 



Atlantic. 

Pacific. 

Indian. 

No r t h- 

ern. 

South- 

ern. 
Main Streams. 
Tributaries. 
Source. 
Mouth. 
Delta. 
Salt. 
Fresh. 

1. General Law. 

2. First Modification, Altitude. 

c- J n/r j-£ 4- i I- Prevailinsr winds. 

3. Secoftd Modzficatton. -j ^^ Currents of air. 

4. Third Modification. | \ |ea^^;°ds. 

5. Fourth Modificatio7i. Length of days. 

f I. Bread Fruit. 

2. "Bananas. 

3. Talms. 

4. Rice. 



Desert. 
Fertile. 

1. Chains. 

2. Ranges. 

3. Systems. 



C h a n- 

nels. 
Sounds. 



GEOGRAPHY. 



43 



IV. Plants. 



Tropical. \ 



V. Animals. ■ 



5. Pine Apples. 

6. Caoutchouc, etc. 

1. Tea. 

2. Coffee. 

3. Rice. 

2. Warm Temperate. -' 4. Wheat. 

5. Corn. 

6. Potatoes. 
^ 7. Sweet Potatoes. 

' I. Barley. 
2. Rye. 

3. Cold Temperate. ^ 3. Oats. 

I 4. Buckwheat. 
[ 5. Potatoes. 

1. Barley. 

2. Turnips. 

3. Dwarf Birches. 

4. Alder. 

5. Willows. [ I. Horse. 

2. Sheep. 

3. Camel. 

4. Ox. 
' I. Domestic. \ 5. Goat. 

6. Hen. 

7. Geese. 

8. Ducks, etc. 

1. Buffalo. 

2. Deer. 
2. Wild. J 3. Wolf. 

4. Jay. 

5. Hawk etc. 



4. Arctic. 



' I. Temperate. 



2. Tropical. 



3. Arctic. 



1. Lion. 

2. Tiger. 

3. Hippopotamus. 

4. Peacocks. 

5. Ostriches, etc. 

1. White Bear. 

2. Seal. 

3. Walrus. 

4. Reindeer. 

5. Fur-bearing Animals. 



CHAPTER HI.— POLITICAL. 



I. R ACES 

OF Man 



:|- 



Caucasian. < 



I. Physical characteristics. 



Representative type. 
I 3. Numbers. — 600,000,000 



1. Features. 

2. Color. 

3. Hair. 
[4. Beard. 

I Europeans. 

2. Arabs. 

3. Hindoos. 



44 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



I. Races 

OF Man. 



2. Mongolian. 



1. Physical characteristics. 



Representative type. 
Numbers. — 589,000,000. 



f I. Features. 
J 2. Color. 
1 3. Hair. 
[4. Beard. 

1. Chinese. 

2. Japanese. 

3. Turks. 



r I. Physical characteristics. 



1. Features. 

2. Color. 

3. Hair. 
J ,^4. Beard. 

3- African. \ 2. Representative j i. Tribes of Africa. 

type. \ 2. Negroes in America. 

Number. — 185,000,000. [ i. Features. 

2. Color. 

3. Hair. 
[4. Beard. 

< ^ t> ^ *• C I- Inhabitants of Malacca. 

4. Malay. \ 2. Representative \ ^_ j,^^^ j^^j^ Islanders. 

^ ■ ' ^ Pacific Islanders. 

I. Features. 
1. Color, 
j. Hair. 
. J ^4. Beard. 

5. American. \ 2. Representative ^ Indians of North and South 
type. \ America. 

N u mbers . — 11 ,000,000. 

( I. Domestic. 



^3- 
I. Physical characteristics. 



Numbers. — 60,000,000. 
I. Physical characteristics. 



II. Phys- 
ical 

NEEDS 
OF MAN. 



I. Food. < 



I. Beasts. 



I. Animal. { 2. Birds 



[ 3. Fishes. 



I. Roots. 



. 2. Vegetable. 



Stalks and 
leaves. 



3. Grains. < 



_4. Fruits. 



•j 2. Wild I I. Forest. 
( game. / 2. Prairie. 

1. Domestic. 

2. Wi Id < I. Forest, 
game. \ 2. Prairie. 

i I. Sea. 
^ 2. Lake. 
( 3. River. 
( I. Potatoes. 

Onions. 

Beets. 

Turnips. 

1. Sugar. 

2. Tea. 

3. Cabbage, etc. 

1. Wheat. 

2. Barley. 

3. Rye. 

4. Corn. 
^ 5. Coffee, etc. 
r I. Apples. 
j 2. Peaches. 

3. Nuts. 

4. Melons. 



GEOGRAPHY. 



45 



I. Food. 3. 



II. Physical 

NEEDS o F 
MAN. 




Salt. 

2. Water. 

3. Lime. 



Iron. 



2. Clothing. 



Vegetable. 



3. Mineral. 



Wool. 

Fur. 

Ivory. 

, Horns. 

5. Leather. 

Cotton. 



Animal. 



1^: 



.| 2. Linen. 

( 3. Gutta-percha. * 

{I. Iron. 
2. Steel. 
3. Copper. 
4. Brass, 
Skins. 
Woollens. 



Shelter. 



,. . ,, S I- Cotton 
2. Vegetable. | ^^ lj^^^^ 



^ 3. Mineral. 



r I. Bi 
I 2. St 



III. Nations. 



European. . 



I. Europe. 



2. Asia. 



3. Africa. 



2. American. 



I. North America 



Brick. 
Stone. 

3. Paints. 

4. Glass. 

1. England. 

2. Russia. 

3. France. 

4. Spain, etc. 

1. Turkey. 

2. Persia. 

3. Siberia, etc. 

1. Soudan. 

2. Zanguebar. 

3. Cape Colony, etc. 

1. United States. 

2. Mexico. 

3. Canada, etc. 

1. Chili. 

2. Brazil. 

3. Peru, etc. 



IV. States of 
society. 



^ 2. South America. 
{ \. Characteristics. 
„ J 2. Language.— Spoken. 

1. Savage. < ^ Government.— Patriarchal 

[4. Religion.— Pagan. 

r I. Characteristics. 

\ I. Spoken. 
^ Half civilized \ ^- Language, j written. 

2. Halfctvtltzed. ^ ^^^^^^„„,„<_Absolute Monarchy. 

1 4. Religion.— Buddhist. 
I. Characteristics. 



3. Civilized. 



, I. Spoken. 

2. Language. | 2. Written. 

^ I. Republican. 

3. Government, j ^^ Monarchical. 

4. Religion.— Christian. 



46 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



V. Occupations. 



VI. Government. 



VII. Religion. < 



1. Agriculture. \ ^ 

2. Seafaring. \ ^ 

( I- 

3. Lumbering 



Mtnins;:. { 3. 
4. 
5- 



.6. Commerce. 



I. Foreign. 



2. Domestic. 



Farming. 

Grazing. 

Fishing. 

Navigation. 

Cutting. 
^ 2. Hauling. 
( 3. Sawing. 
Coal. 
Gold. 
Silver. 
Iron. 
Lead, etc. C i. Flour. 

C I. For food. ■< 2. Syrup. 
5. Manufacturing. < 2. For clothing. ( 3. Sugar, etc. 

( 3. Shelter. 

S I. Imports. 
\ 2. Exports. 

1. By rail. 

2. Canals. 

3. Rivers. 
( I. Senate. 

1. Legislative. ■< 2. House of Rep~ 
( resentatives. 

( I. Supreme Court. 

2. Judicial. < 2. Circuit Court. 
( 3. Inferior Court. 

■c .■ { I. President. 

3. Executive, j ^ Vice-President. 

' I. Absolute. 

2. Limited. 

3. Kingdoms. 

4. Empires. 

5. Duchies. 

1. Roman Catholic. 

2. Protestant. 

( 3. Greek Church. 

2. Mohammedan. 

3. fewish. 

4. Pagan. 



I. Republican. 



2. Monarchical. 



I. Christian. 



CHAPTER IV.— LOCAL OR STATE GEOGRAPHY. 



11. Outline. 



\l 



i I. By Latitude and Longitude, i I. Oceans. 
I. Position of state. } ii. Natural. < 2. Lakes. 

( 2. By Boundaries. } (3. Rivers. 

Regular. ( 2. Artificial. — State lines. 

2. Irregular. 

i I. Length in miles. 

1. Definite size. < 2. Breadth in miles. 
III. Extent, i, ( 3. Area. 

2. Comparative size. — As to other States. 



GEOGRAPHY. 



47 



[. Principal hidentaiiotis. ] ^' -d 

Peninsulas. 



IV. Coast. \ '^- Principal Projections. \ 



Adjacent Islands. 
Harbor. 



2. Capes. 



f I . Characteristics. 



V. Surface. 



VI. Rivers. 



VII. Lakes, 



2. Mountains. 



3. Valleys. 



4. Plains. 



i I. Level. 

\ 2. Undulating. 

( 3. Mountains. 

To what System. 

To what Range or Group. 

Interior or Boundary. 



Wooded. 

Grassy. 

Sandy. 
Direction of slopes. 
Natural Curiosities. 
To what System. 

Description of particular rivers. 

Description. 

^^J^^^ '^^^^^'"M I. For Fishing. 

/ 2. For Commerce. 
' \. As determined by Latitude. 



1. Length. 

2. Navigable. 

3. For Waterpower. 
1 4. For Fish. 



VIII. Climate. 



2. As modified by certain causes. < 



' I. On the surface. 



IX. Natural 

VANTAGES. 



ad- 



Forests. 
The soil. 



, Within the 
earth. 



3. In the water. 



■\ 



1. Altitude. 

2. Proximity to Sea. 

3. Great Lakes. 

4. Winds. 

5. Slope of Land. 

6. Nature of Soil. 

7. Forests. 1 

3. Facilities for transportation. 
' I. Coal. 

2. Iron. 

3. Salt. 

4. Building stone. 

5. Copper, Lead, 
etc. 

r. Gold. 
2. Silver. 



, Useful 
erals. 



mm- 



X. Internal improvements. 



2. Precious metals 

1. Sea fish. 

2. Lake and River fish. 
Local roads. 
Trunk lines. 

Canals 

Navigation by Lakes attd Rivers. 



I. Railroads. 



U; 



XL Occupations. 



^ . ,, ^ I. Crops raised. 

1. ^^r..«/^«r^.|2 Stockraising 

2. Manufactur 
. 3. Mining. \ ^^ 



2. Manufacturing . i , 



Articles manufactured. 
Metals, etc., found. 
To what extent worked. 



48 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



XI. Occupations. 



XII. Government, 



5- 



Lumbering. 
Fishms". 



6. Commerce. 



3 I. Location of Forests. 

\ 2. Method pursued. 

3 I. Locality of fisheries. 

I2. " ' 



1. Legislative. 

2. Executive. 

3. Judicial. \ ' 



XIII. History, 



XIV. Cities. 



13- 



Kinds caught. 

1. Exports. 

2. Imports. 

3. Means of transportation. 

1. Names of Houses. 

2. Session. 

3. Length of term. 
Supreme Court. 
Circuit Court. 
Colonial Period. 
Territorial Period. 
Date of Admission. 

Subsequent growth and present Population. 
( I. Population. 
\ 2. Industries. 

Chief source of wealth. 
i I. Population. 
< 2. Industries. 
( 3. Chief source of wealth. 
I. Population. 
Other important Cities. \ 2. Industries. 

3. Chief source of wealtho 



I. Early History. 



2. 



1. Capital. 

(3- 

2. Metropolis. 



SECTION IX. 

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



CHAPTER I.— GEOLOGY. 



I. General struct- 
ure OF THE EARTH, 



I. Earths 



2. Rocks. 



II. Continents. 



r- 



Eastern. 



2. Western. 



III. Islands. < 



I. Continental. 



. 2. Pelagic. 



•1 



1. Vegetable mould. 

2. Mineral earths. 

1. Unstratified. 

2. Stratified. 
-?. Fossiliferous. 



U: 



4. Non-fossiliferous. 



' I. Plutonic. 



5. Igneous. ■ 



i I. Silicious. 
< 2. Calcareous. 
f 3. Argillaceous. 

Stratified. 
Unstratified. 

1. Stratified. 

2. Unstratified. 

1. Unstrati- 
fied. 

2. Non-fossi- 



2. Volcanic. 



Metamorphic. 

A S I. 

^ 7. Aqueous. ^ 2. 

f I. Europe. 

} 2. Asia. 

( 3. Africa. 

\ I. North America. 

\ 2. South America. 

1. Japanese. 

2. British Islands. 

3. West Indies. 
I. Sandwich. 



liferous. 

1. Unstrati- 
fied. 

2. Non-fos- 
[ siliferous. 

3 I. Stratified. 

) 2. Non-fossiliferous. 

Stratified. 

Fossiliferous. 



I. Common. 



2. Volcanic. 



IV. Mountains. < 



3. Caroline. 

1. 20,000 feet and up. 

2. 10,000 to 20,000. 

3. 2000 to 10,000. 

4. Chains. 

5. Ranges. 

6. Systems, 



2. St. Helena. 

1. Sabrina. 

2. Nyoe. 

3. Hotham. 

1. Lagoon. 

2. Encircling Reefs. 

3. Barrier Reefs. 

4. Infringing Reefs. 



50 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



V. Valleys. 

VI. Plateaus. 



VII. Plains. 



I J: 



r. Longitudinal. 
Transverse. 

1. Desert. 

2. Fertile. 



Wooded. 



Grassy. 



3. Desert. 



VIII. Volcanoes. 



C I. Forests. 
\ 2. Selvas. 
( 3. Heaths. 

1. Prairies. 

2. Llanos. 

3. Pampas. 

4. Steppes. 

1. Llanos. 

2. Steppes. 

3. Landes. 



L Central System. 



C I. Active. 

< 2. Intermittent. 

( 3. Extinct. 

1. Active. 

2. Intermittent. 

3. Extinct. 



IX. Earthquakes. 



2. Linear System. 

3. Mud Volcanoes. 

4. Fires of Bokou. 

5. Hochans. 

6. Hotsing. 
^ 7. Geysers. 

C I. Horizontal, 
fi. Linear. J. 2. Vertical. 
( 3. Rotary. 

I. Horizontal. 
2. Circular. \ 2. Vertical. 
3. Rotary. 



CHAPTER II.— HYDROGRAPHY. 



I. Springs. 



II. Rivers. 



1. Perennial. 

2. Intermittent. 

3. Periodical, 

Salt ^ ' ■ Syracuse, N. Y. 
(2. Kanawha, Va. 

^ I. Saratoga, N. Y. 

_ 5. Mineral. } 2. Sulphur, Va. 

( 3. Blue Licks, Ky. 

' I. Arctic. 

2. Antarctic. 

3. Pacific. 

4. Atlantic. 

5. Indian. 



I. Oceanic. 



2. Continental. 

3. Main Streams. 
^ 4. Tributaries. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



51 



III. Lakes. 



1. Those with 

2. Those with 

3. Those with 

4. Those with 

5. Salt. 

6. Fresh. 

' I. Arctic. 

2. Atlantic. 



inlet and no outlet, 
inlet and an outlet, 
no inlet but aft outlet, 
no iftlet Jior outlet. 



3. Eastern. 

4. Western. 



IV. OCEANS. { 3. Pacific. 



4. Indian. 



^ 5. Antarctic. 
( I. Waves. 



Eastern. 



U: 



2. Western. 



V. Oceanic 

MOVEMENTS. 



2. Tides. 



North Atlantic. 
South Atlantic. 

S I. Mediterranean Sea. 
■ \ 2. Baltic Sea. 

1. Caribbean Sea. 

2. Gulf of Mexico. 

3. Honduras Bay. 
Gulf of California. 
Sea of Kamtschatka. 

1. China Sea. 

2. Yellow Sea. 
( 3. Japan Sea. 

Bay of Bengal. 
Persian Gulf. 
Arabian Sea. 
Red Sea. 

1. By the onward flow of the ocean's surface. 

2. By the Winds. 

3. By the Earthquakes. 
\ I. Spring Tide. 
( 2. Neap Tide. 

Ebb Tide. I -SP™/™- 

r I. Under Currents. 
2. Counter Currents 



I. Flood Tide. 



3. Currents. 



3. Temporary 
rents. 



Hurlgate, East 
River. 
Cur--i 2. Roost of Shum- 
burg, South 
Shetland. 

1. The Antarctic Current. 

2. The Equatorial Current 
of the Atlantic. 

3. The Equatorial Current 
of the Pacific. 

4. The Southern connecting 
Current. 

5. Guiana and Cari b b e a n 
Current. 

6. Gulf Stream. 

7. North Africa and Guinea 
Current. 

8. Arctic Current. 

9. Japan Current. 
10. Saxgasso, or Grassy Sea. 

11. Red Sea. 
2. Persian Gulf. 
3. China Sea. 
4. Indian Ocean. 



4. Constant 
Currents. 



52 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



CHAPTER III.— METEOROLOGY. 



I. Atmosphere. 



i: 



II. Temperature. 



211. Winds. 



Drvair \ ^- Oxygen, 20, or 21. 
ury atr. -^ ^^ Nitrogen, 79, or 80, 
Vapor of water. 

1 . Temperature of a solid body. 

2. Temperature of the atmosphere, 

3. Temperature of a place. 

1. North-east. 

2. South-east. 
I, Land and sea S i. 



I. Constant or Trade. 



2. Periodical. ■ 



3. Variable. 



4. Hot winds. 



3 
U 



breezes. 

2. Monsoons. 
Etezian. 



From the sea. 
2. From the land. 

1. North-east. 

2. North-west. 

3. South-east. 

4. South-west. 
Northers of Texas and Mexico. 
South-west. 
North-west. 
Simoom. 

2. Khamsin. 

3. Harmattan. 

4. Sirocco. 

5. Solano. 



Cold winds. 



Whirlwinds. 

Revolving winds. 

Moist winds. 
Dry winds. 



Pamperos. 

Northers of Texas and Mexico. 

Bora. 

Hurricanes. 

2. Typhoons. 

3. Cyclones. 

4. Tornadoes. 



W 



Dew. 
Frosts. 
Fog. 
Clouds. 



IV. Moisture of the atmosphere. < 



5. Rain. 



Sjtow. 
Hail. 



V. Climate. 



I. 

2. 

3- 

1 4- 



2 
3 

Position of mountains and plains. 
Vicinity of the sea. , r^, . , 

The nature of the soil. ^^ ^JJe hot" 

1 3. The warm. 

[ 4. The temperate. 



, Cirrus. 
Cumulus. 
Stratus. 
[4. Nimbus. 
i I. Rainless region. 

< 2. Periodical rains. 
^ 3. Frequent. 

i I. Glaciers. 

< 2. Icebergs. 

( 3. Avalanches. 
Tierras Calientes. 
Tierras Templadae. 
Tierras Frias. 



Isothermal lines. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



53 



V. Climate. 



^ T *i 11- S ^- The cold. 

6. Isothermal hues. | ^^ The frigid. 



VI. Electrical 

NOMENA. 



PHE- 



I. Electricity. 



M 



VII. Optical Phenomena 



Thunder. 
Lightning. 

2. Mariners' light. 

3. Aurora Borealis. 

{ I. Rainbow. 

2. Halos coronce. 
I 3. Mock suns. 
■• 4. Mock moons. 

5. Mirage. 

6. Tvz/a Morgana. 

7. Ignis Fatuus. 



Zigzag. 

Sheet. 

Globular. 



CHAPTER IV.— ORGANIC LIFE. 



L Botany. 



1. Cryptogamous. , 

2. Phcenogamous. \ ' 

3. /f<?/ Climate. ' ' 

4. Warm Temperate. 

5. Cf/^ Temperate. 



Endogenous. 
Exogenous. 



6. Arctic. 

7. Food Plants. 

8. Clothing Plants. 

9. Narcotics. 



I. Mam- 
malia. 



II. Zoology. ■ 



I. Verte- 
brated. ' 



fi. 



Amphibia. 
Cetacea. 



2. Birds. 



3. Fishes. 



.4. Reptiles. 

2. Molluscuous. 

3. Articulated. 
.4. Radiated. 

III. Ethnography, i. Caucasian. 



Quadrumana. 

{I. Chieroptera. 
2. Insectivora. , y^ 
3. Digitigrada. ] ^- p"^" 
4. Plantigrada. < "• '"^^• 
Marsupialia. 
Rodentia. 
Edentata. 
Pachydermata. 
Ruminantia. 
Marine Mam- ^ i. 
malia. / 2. 

1. Rapaces. 

2. Scansores. 

3. Oscines. 

4. GaHnacea. 

5. Grallatores. 

6. Natatores. 

1. For food. 

2. Other species. 

1. Crocodiles. . 

2. Serpents. \ ' 

3. Frogs. ' 

4. Turtles. 



Venomous. 
Harmless. 



1. Europeans. 

2. Hindoos. 

3. Whites of America. 



54 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



III. Ethnography. 



2. Mongolian. 



3. Ethiopian. 



4. Malay. 

5. American. 



1. Esquimaux. 

2. Chinese. 

3. Osmans of Turkey, etc. 

1. Abyssinians. 

2. Africans. 

3. New Caledonians. 
Inhabitants of Malacca. 
New Zealanders, etc. 

\ I. Indians of North America. 
( 2. Indians of South America. 



CHAPTER v.— LOCAL PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



I. Coast. 



1 2. Indentations. 



II. Islands. 



III. Mountains 



IV. Lakes. 



V. Rivers. 



VI. General Surface 



VII. Springs 



VIII. Climate. 



„ ... S \. Peninsulas. 

Projections, j 3. Capes. 

1. Seas. 

2. Bays. 
■ 3. Gulfs. 

4. Inlets. 
[ 5. Sounds. 

1. Continental. 

2. Sea. 

3. Lake. 

4. River. 
' I. System. 

2. Chain. 

3. Range. 

4. Boundary. 

5. Interior. 
__ 6. Volcanoes. 

1. 5a//. 

2. Fresh. 

3. 7"(9 w^<z/ system. 

1. Oceanic. 

2. Continental. 

3. Main streams. 

4. Tributaries. 

5. Availability for navigatioft. 

6. Availability for water-power. 

1. Level. 

2. Undulating. 

3. Mountainous. 

4. Nature of soil for Agriculture. 

5. Natural Curiosities. 

Mineral. 
2. //tf/. 

1. //^C7/. 

2. Temperate. 

3. C(9/l!/. 



U: 



, ( I. 5^//. 

■ I 2. Sulphur. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



55 



IX. Rainfall 



X. Plants, 



XI. Animals. 



1. Periodical. 

2. Frequent. 
( 3. Scanty. 

1. For food. 

2. For clothing. 

3. Narcotics. 
S I. Domestic. 
\ 2. Wild. 

r I. Precious inetals 

2. Precious stones. 

3. Ordinary stones 



i I. Tropical. 
< 2. Temperate. 
( 3. Arctic. 



XII. Mineralogy.-' 



4. Ordinary metals. 



5. Ordinary minerals. 
.6. Petrolemn. 



1. Marble. 

2. Granite. 

3. Sandstone. 

1. Iron. 

2. Copper. 

3. Lead. 

4. Tin, etc. 
- I. Coal. \ '■ Anthracite. 



2. Salt. 



\ 2. Bituminous, 
j I. Springs. 
\ 2. Mines. 



SECTION X. 

GEOLOGY. 



CHAPTER I,— ROCKS. 



I. Stratified, or aque- 
ous ROCKS. 



I . Eozoic < 



2. PalcBozoic. 



3. Mesozoz'c. 



II. UNSTRATIFIED, OR IGNEOUS ROCKS. 



Mica. 

Mica Schist. 

Saccharoid Limestone. 

Talcose Schist. 

Hornblende. 

Quartz Rock. 

Clay, or Argillaceous Slate. 

Serpentine Rocks. 

{I. Silurian Series. 
2. Devonian Series. 
3. Carboniferous Series. 
4. Permian Series. 
i I. Triassic Series. 
< 2. Jurassic Series. 
( 3. Cretaceous Series. 

I. Eocene. 
I. Tertiary. 



4. Ceinozok. • 



2. Drift. 



2. Miocene. 

3. Pliocene. 

1. Moraine Terraces. 

2. S u b-a q u e o u s 
Ridges. 

3. Sea Beaches. 

4. Sea Bottom. 

1. Soil. 

2. Clay. 

3. Sand. 

4. Peat. 



.3. Alluvium. - 



Marl. 

Calcare u s 
Tufa. 

Coral Reefs. 
Deposits of 
skeletons of 
Infusoria. 



Granitic Rocks. 
Trappean Rocks. 
Volcanic Rocks. 



GEOLOGY. 



57 



CHAPTER II.— VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES, ETC. 

I. Inter 7nittent. 

II. Phenomena of an eruption. 

III. Dynamics of volcanic action. 

IV. New islands fortned by volcanic agency. 

V. Stibmarifte volcanoes. 

VI. Character of molten lava. 

VII. Volca7ioes cofistantly active. 

VIII. Seat of volcanic power. 

IX. Extinct volcanoes. 



I. Concussions. 



II. Progression. 



EARTHQUAKES. 

1. Horizontal. 

2. Perpendicular, 

3. Rotary. 
^Jnear. 

Circular. 



\ 2. Ci 



THERMAL SPRINGS. 

I. Theory of thermal springs. 

II. The Geysers of Icelatid. 

•III. The Hot Springs of Arkansas. 
IV. The Hot Springs of Rocky Mountains. 



CHAPTER III.— FOSSIL REMAINS. 



1. Polypi. 

2. Brachiopods. 

3. Crinoids. 

I. Silurian series. \ 4. Echinodermata. 

5. Crustacea. 

6. Corals. 

7. Fishes. 

1. Animals. 

2. Fishes. 

3. Reptiles. 

4. Ferns. 

5. Stigmaria. 

6. Sigillaria. 

7. R/iyncholites. 
-Similar to above. 

1. Plants. 

2. Animals. 

3. Reptiles. 

4. Fishes, 



II. Devonian series. - 



III. Permian series. 



IV. Triassic series. ■ 



58 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



V. Jurassic period. 



1. Animals. 

2. Insects. 

3. Fishes. 

4. Ichthyosaurus. 

5. Plciosauriis. 

6. Ignatiodon, 

7. Pterodactyl. 

8. Foot-marks. 

9. Raindrops. 

10. Fossil sponges. 

11. Corals. 

12. Crustaceous shells, 

13. Reptiles. 

14. Fruits. 

15. Nujnmulites. 



SECTION XI. 



I. Exogenous. 



Poly pet a- ^ 
lous. 



St a in ens 
more than 
ten. 



BOTANY. 

CHAPTER I.— PHENOGAMOUS (FLOWERING PLANTS). 

1. Mallow Family. 

2. Mimosa Family. 

3. Rue Family. 

4. Camellia Family. 

5. Magnolia Family. 

6. Water-lily Family. 

7. Calycanthus Family. 

8. Rose Family. 

9. Moonseed Family. 
ID. Custard-apple Family. 

11. Crowfoot Family. 

12. Mignonette Family. 

13. Fig-marigold Family. 

14. Pulse Family. 

15. Barberry Family. 

16. Rock-rose Family. 

17. Caper Family. 

18. Poppy Family. 

19. Cactus Family. 

20. Loasa Family. 

21. Myrtle Family. 

22. Pitcher-plant Family. 

23. Sundew Family. 

24. Begonia Family. 

25. Purslane P'amily, etc. 

1. Magnolia Family. 

2. Quassia Family. 

3. Orpine Family. 

4. Saxifrage Family. 

5. Soapberry Family. 

6. Leadwort Family. 

7. Primrose Family. 

8. Sterculia Family. 

9. Vine Family. 

10. Buckthorn Family. 

11. St. John's Wort Fam- 
ily. 



2. St aniens 
less than 
ten. 



Fumitory Family. 
Mustard Family. 
Caper Family. 



6o 



TREASURY OF FACTS, 



I. Exogenous. • 



I. Polype ta- 
lons. 



St am ens 
less than< 
ten. 



2. Monopcia- 
lous. 



Superior 
Calyx atid 
Inferior 
Ovary. 



17- 
i8. 

19- 

20. 
21. 

22. 
23- 



I. 
2. 

3- 
4- 
5- 
6. 

7- 
8. 

9- 

lO. 



Si(pe r to r 
Ovary and 
Inferior 
Calyx. 



15. Passion Flower Fam- 
ily. 

16. Violet Family. 
Sundew Family. 
Tamarisk Family. 
Pittosporum Family. 
Cashew Family. 
Pink Family. 
Water Wort Family. 
Flax Family. 

24. Parsley Family. 

25. Gourd Family. 
Composite Family. 
Lobelia Family 
Campanula Family. 
Whortleberry Family. 
Valerian Family. 
Honeysuckle Family. 
Gesneria Family. 
Storax Family. 
Cinchona Family. 
Madder Family. 

11. Teasel Family. 

12. Gourd Family. 

1. Heath Family. 

2. Pulse Family. 

3. Polygala Family. 

4. Fumitory F'amily. 

5. Borage Family. 

6. Nightshade Family. 

7. Figwort Family. 

8. Bladderwort Family. 

9. Broom-rape Family. 

10. Gesneria Family. 

11. Bignonia Family. 

12. Sesamum Family. 
Acanthus Family. 
Vervain Family. 
Mint Family. 
Geranium Family. 

17. Orpine Family. 

18. Heath Family. 

19. Ebony Family. 

20. Storax Family. 

21. Lead wort Family. 

22. Primrose Family. 

23. Sapodilla Family. 

24. Nolana Family. 

25. Dogbane Family. 

26. Milkweed Family. 

27. Four-O'clock Family. 

28. Holly Family. 

29. Plantain Family. 



13- 

14. 

15- 
16. 



BOTANY. 



6l 



Monopeta- 
lous. 



I. Exogenous.' 



3. Apetalous. 



Super tor 
Ovary attd 
Inf e r ior 
Calyx. 



I. F lowers 
not in Cat- 
kins. 



2. Flowers in 
Catkins or 
Catkin-like 
heads. 



4. Gymnospermous. 



II. Endogenous. 



I. Spadiceous. 



2. Petaloideous. 



r. 

2. 
I. 

2. 
3- 
4- 
5- 



30. Logania Family. 

31. Waterleaf Family. 

32. Polemonium Family. 

33. Heliotrope Family. 

34. Convolvulus Family. 

35. Dodder Family. 

36. Olive Family. 

1. Birth wort Family. 

2. Evening Primrose 
Family. 

3. Pink Family. 

4. Loosestrife Family. 

5. Witch-hazel Family. 

6. Sa.xifrage Family. 

7. Poppy Family. 

8. Amaranth Family. 

9. Chickweed Family. 

10. Oleaster Family, 

11. Laurel Family 

12. Sweet-gale Family. 
j 13. Plane-tree Family. 

14. Fig Family. 

15. Elm Family. 

16. Mezereum Family. 

17. Sandalwood Family. 

18. Dogwood Family. 

19. Buckwheat Family. 

20. Crowfoot Family. 

21. Lizzard's-Tail Family. 

22. Hemp Family. 

23. Goosefoot Family. 

24. Water Milfoil Family. 

25. Spurge Family. 

26. Pokeweed Family. 

27. Buck-thorn Family. 

1. Nettle Family. 

2. Pine Family. 

3. Fig Family. 

4. Mistletoe Family. 
•^ 5. Walnut Family. 

6. Birch Family. 

7. Willow Family. 

8. Plane-tree Family, 

9. Oak Family. 
Cycas. 

Pine. 

Palm Family. 
Pondweed Family. 
Duckweed Family. 
Cat-tail Family. 
Arum Family. 
Water-plantain Family, 
Yam Family. 



62 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



2. Petaloideous. 



II. Endogenous. 



3. Glumaceous. 



3. Frog's-bit Family. 

4. Orchis Family. 

5. Ginger Family. 

6. Arrowroot Family. 

7. Banana Family. 

8. Iris Family. 

9. Pineapple Family. 

10. Amaryllis Family. 

11. Pickerel-weed Family. 

12. Lily (Trillium) Family. 

13. Spiderwort Family. 

14. Smilax Family. 

15. Rush Family. 

16. Arrow-grass Family. 

17. Yellow-eyed Grass Family. 

18. Pipewort Family. 

19. Tillandsia, Pineapple Family. 

20. Lily Family. 

1. Rush Family. 

2. Sedge Family. 

3. Grass Family. 



CHAPTER II.— CRYPTOGAMOUS (FLOWERLESS). 



I. Horse-tail. 

II. Fer7i. 

III. Club-moss. 



I. Leaves. 



CHAPTER III.— PARTS OF PLANTS. 

1. Blade. 

2. Petiole. 

I Paris \ 3- Stipules. 

1. raus.\ ^ Sheath. 

5. Ligule. 

6. Color. 
, Veinlets. 

^. Vein. 

2. Venation. J 3. Midrib. 

4. Feather-vein. 

5. Palmate. 

3. Margin. \ 3. Dentate. < * -^ '"^'y* 

4. Crenate. 

5. Repand. 



'4. Base. ■ 



I. Leaves. 



5, Apices. 



6. Lobes, 



7. Kinds. 



8. Forms. 



9. Petiole. 



BOTANY. 

1. Cordate. 

2. Auriculate. 

3. Hastate. 

4. Sagittate. 

5. Oblique. 

6. Tapering. 

7. Clasping. 

8. Connate. 

9. Decurrent, 

1. Acute. 

2. Acuminate. 

3. Obtuse 

4. Truncate, 
•j 5. Retuse. 

6. Obcordate. 

7. Emarginate. 

8. Mucronate. 
^9. Cuspidate. 

1. Acute. 

2. Sub-acute. 

3. Sinuses. 

{I. Sessile. 
2. Stipulate. 
3. Petiolate. 
4. Exs 



63 



1. Open, 

2. Shut. 

3. Sharp. 

4. Deep. 

5. Broad. 



iolate. , c- 1 
itipulate. ^- pimple. 
^ ( 2. Compound. 

' I. Runcinate. 

2. Bipinnalifid. 

3. Pedate. 

4. Curled. 

5. Peltate. 

6. Kidney-shaped, 

7. Lyrate. 

1. Round. 

2. Half round. 

3, Long. 

4, Short. 



10, Surface. 

[I. Light. 

,, /-^/ 2. Dark. 

11, Color. \ c .» J 

3. Spotted. 

[4. Striped. 

12. Simple leaves. 

13. Compound leaves. 



1. Hairy. 

2. Glabrous, 

3. Smooth. 

4. Rough. 

5. Shiny. 
,6. Dull. 

' I. Leaflet. 

2. Petiolule. 

3. Stipules. 

4. Rachis. 

5. Pinnate, 

6. Digitate. 



1. Free. 

2. Adnate. 
j 3. Prickly. 
[4. Ochreate. 
i I, Abrupt. 

J 2. Unequally. 
( 3. Cirrose. 

1. Three-fingered. 

2. Five-fingered. 

3. Seven-fingered. 



64 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



II. Stem. 



( I. Node. 

1. Parts of stems. \ 2. Internode. 

( 3. Axil of leaf. 
i I. Terminal bud. 

2. Appendages. < 2. Axillary. 

( 3. Branch. 

n .^ . r , t M • Stem leaves. 

3. Position of leaves on stem. ^^ ^ ^^^.^^^ j^^^^^^ 

I I. Alternate. 

4. Arrangement of leaves 0)i stem. < 2. Opposite. 
' I. Round. ( 3. Whorled. 

2. Compressed. 

3. Half round. 

4. Fluted. 

5. Shape of stem. \ 5. Acute angled. 

6. Triangular. 

7. Square. 

8. Five-sided. 

9. Four-angled. 

1. Erect. 

2. Drooping. 

3. Creeping. 

4. Trailing. 

5. Climbing. 

6. Twining. 
Spotted. 
Striped. 
Light. 
Dark. 
Green. 
Variegated. 



6. Altitude of stem. 



7. Color of stem 



8. Surface of stem. 



9. 6'/'.s'^ ^ stetn. 



10. Structure of stem. 




Smooth. 

Shining. 

Hairy. 

Glabrous. 

Rough. 

Dull. 



Hollow. 
Solid. 
Woody. 
Herbaceous. 



III. Inflorescence. 



I. Kinds. 



2. Parts. 



I. Solitary. 



U: 



Clustered. 

Peduncle. 

Bracts. 

Involucre. 

Pedicel. 



Terminal. 

Axillary. 

1. Terminal. 

2. Axillary. 



BOTANY. 



65 



III. Inflorescence.- 



2. Parts. 



4. Varieties. - 



I. Parts. 



IV. The flower. 



5. Rachis. 

6. Receptacle. 
i I. Erect. 

3. Altitude. } 2. Bending. 
( 3. Pendulous. 
' I. Spike. 

2. Spadix. 

3. Catkin. 

4. Raceme. 

5. Glomerule. 

6. Corymb. 

7. Umbel. 

1. Receptacle. 

2. Calj^x. 

3. Corolla. 

4. Perianth. 

5. Stamens. 

6. Pistil. 

1. Sepal. 

2. Polysepalous. 

3. Gamosepalous. 

4. Regular. ^ ^ ^imb. 
^ I. Petals. ^3_ciaw. 
I 2. Polypetalous. 

3. Gamopetalous. 

4. Regular. 

5. Irregular. 



2. Calyx. 



3. Corolla. 



4. Perianth. 



S I. Regular. 

) 2. 



5. Stamens. 



6. Pistil. 



V. Root. 



I. T'o/J rt'i?/. 



2. Fibrous root, 



VI. Seed. i. /"rtr/j-. 



VII. Woody plants. 



Irregular.' 

1. Filament. 

2. Anther. 

3. Pollen. 
i I. Ovary. 
] 2. Style. 
\ 3. Stigma. 

Conical. 

Fusiform. 

Napiform. 

1. Moniliform. 

2. Fasciculated. 

3. Tubercular. 

, Ti J i I. Embryo. 

1. Body, j 3 Albumen. 

2. Seed coat. 

3. Nucleus. 
I. Head. 



1 . Tree. 

2. Bush. 

3. Shrub 

4. Vine. 



2. Trunk. 



f I. Cotyledon. 

< 2. Radical. 

( 3. Plumule. 

r I. Stock. 

J 2. Bark. 

I 3. Wood. 

[4. Pith. 



SECTION XII. 

ZOOLOGY. 



CHAPTER I.— INVERTEBRATES. 



I. Protozoa. 



1. Gre^arzm'dcB. 

Monera. 
Amoebea. 

2. Rhizopoda. • 3. Foraminifera. 

4. Radiolaria. 

5. Spongida. 
i I. Ciliata. 

Infusoria. < 2. Flagellata. 
Suctoria. 

Hydroida. 
Corynida. 
Sertularida. 

1. Calycophoridae. 

2. Physophorids. 

3. Lucernarida. 
I 4. Pelagidas. 
I 5. Rhizostomidae. 

1. Zoantharia. 

2. Alcyonaria. 

3. Ctenophora. 
' I. Crinoidea (Feather-stars). 

2. Ophiuroidea (Sand-stars). 

3. Asteroida (Star-fishes). 

4. Echinoidea (Sea-urchins). 

5. Holothuroidea (Sea-cu c u m- 
bers). 

1. Taeniada (Tape-worms). 

2. Trematoda (Flukes). 

3. Turbellaria (Ribbon-worms). 

4. Acanthocephala (Thorn-headed 
worms). 

5. Gordiacea (Hair-worms). 

6. Nematoda (Round-worms). 



Hydrozoa. -l 2. 
(3- 



n. CcELENTERATA. •' 2. Siphonophora 



HI. Annuloida. 



3. Actinozoa, 



I. Echinodermata 



2. Scolecida, 



IV. Annulosa. 



r- 



Anarthro- 
poda. 



Rotifera (Wheel-animalcules). 



Gephyrea. 



2. Annelida. 



1. Hirudinea (Leeches). 

2. Oligochaeta (Earth- 
worms). 

3. Tub i col a (Tube- 
worms.) 

4. Er r a nt i a (Sand- 
worms). 



ZOOLOGY. 



67 



IV. Annulosa. 



2. Arthropoda. 



V. MOLLUSCA. I. Molluscoida 



1. Crustacea. 

2. Rhizocephala. 

3. Ichthyophthira. 

4. Cirripedia. 

5. Phyllopoda. 

6. Amphipoda. 

7. Decapoda. 

( I. Podosomata. 

3. Arachnida. ^ 2. Pedipalpi. 

( 3. Araneida. 
I I. Chilopoda. 

4. Myriapoda. < 2. Chilognatha. 

( 3. Pauropoda. 

1. Anoplura. 

2. Mallophaga. 

3. Thysanura. 

4. Hemiptera. 

5. Orthoptera. 

6. Neuroptera. 

7. Aphaniptera. 

8. Diptera. 

9. Lepidoptera. 

10. Hymenoptera. 

11. Strepsiptera. 

12. Coleoptera. 
' I. Polyzoa. 

2. Tunicata. 

3. Brachiopoda. 

4. Lamellibranchiata. 

5. Gasteropoda. 

6. Pteropoda. 
J. Cephalopoda. 



5. Insecta. 



I. Pisces. 



II. Amphibia 



III. Reptilia 



CHAPTER II.— VERTEBRATES. 

■ I. Pharyngobranchii. 

2. Marsipobranchii, 

3. Teleostei. 

4. Ganoidei. 

5. Elasmobranchii. 

6. Depnoi. 

f I, Labyrinthodontia. (Extinct.) 

2. Ophromorpha. 

3. Urodela. 

4. Anoura. 

1. Chelonia (Tortoises). 

2. Ophidia (Snakes). 

3. Lacertilia (Lizards). 

4. Crocodilia (Crocodiles). 



68 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



III. Reptilia. 



5. Ichthyopterygia. 

6. Sauropterygia. 

7. Pterosauria. 

8. Anomodontia. 



IV. AVES. 



4. Rasores (Scratchers). 



5. Scattsores (Climbers). 



6. Insessores (Perchers). 



I. Natatores (Swimmers) 



2. Grallatores (Waders). < 



3. Cur sores (Runners). 



7. Raptores (Birds of prey) 



\ Extinct. 

1. Penguins, 

2. Gulls. 

3. Ducks. 

4. Geese. 

5. Flamingoes, etc. 
C I. Water-hens. 

2. Cranes. 

3. Herons. 

4. Storks. 

5. Snipes. 

6. Woodcock. 

7. Plovers. 

8. Curlews, etc. 

1. Ostrich. 

2. Emeu. 

3. Cassowary, etc. 

1. Grouse. 

2. Ptarmigan. 

3. Partridges. 

4. Pheasants. 

5. Turkey. 

6. Guinea fowl. 

7. Domestic fowl. 

8. Pea fowl. 

9. Doves. 

10. Pigeons, etc. 

1. Cuckoos. 

2. Woodpeckers. 

3. Parrots. 

4. Cockatoos. 

5. Parrakeets. 

6. Toucans. 

7. Trogons, etc. 

1. Crows. 

2. Magpies. 

3. Jays. 

4. Starlings. 

5. Grosbeaks. 

6. Larks. 

7. Thrushes. 

8. Orioles. 

9. Wrens. 
10. Martins. 

f I. Owls. 

2. Hawks. 

3. Falcons. 

4. Eagles. 

5. Vultures, etc. 



ZOOLOGY. 



69 



IV. AVES. 8. Osanes {SingQTs). 



I. Monotremata. 



V. Mammalia. 



2. Marsupialia (Pouched). 



3. Edentata (Toothless) 



I. Robins. 

Humming-birds. 
Lark. 
Swallow. 
Sparrow. 
Bluebird, etc. 

1. Duck moles. 

2. Ant-eaters. 

1. Kangaroos. 

2. Phalangers. 

3. Tasmanian devil. 
Sloths. 
Armadillos. 
Hairv Ant-eaters. 



4. Sz'rem'a. 



5. Cetacea. 



Si. 

r 1. 

3- 
4. 



Manatus. 
Dugong. 

Whalebone whale. 
Sperm whale. 
Dolphins. 
Porpoises. 



4. Scaly Ant-eaters. 



6. Ungulata (Hoofed). 



Hyracoidea, 
Proboscidea. 



I. 
2. 
3- 

4- 
5- 
6. 

7- 



Hyrax 

Elephants 



9. Carnivora (Flesh-eaters) 



Rhinoceros. 
Horse. 
Ass. 
Zebra. 

Hippopotamus. 
Hogs. 
Peccaries. 
Camels. 
9. Llama. 

10. Giraffe. 

11. Stags. 

12. Elk. 

13. Sheep. 

14. Reindeer. 

15. Antelopes. 

16. Oxen. 

17. Buffalo. 
^ 18. Bison, etc. 

1. Seals. 

2. Bears. 

3. Raccoons. 

4. Badgers. 

5. Weasels. 

6. Otters. 

7. Civets. 

8. Dogs. 

9. Wolves. 

10. Foxes. 

11. Hyena. 

12. Cat. 

13. Lynx. 

14. Tigers, etc. 



70 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



V. Mammalia. 



lo. Rodent m (Gnawers). 



' I. Rabbits. 

2. Hares. 

3. Porcupines. 

4. Beavers. 

5. Mice. 

6. Rats. 

7. Squirrels. 

8. Dormice, etc. 
f I. Bats. 

.,. CU..opfera (Winged). =; JSS-shoe ba.s. 

[ 4. Flying squirrels, etc. 
J- .. ^ I. Shrew-mice. 

12. Inseclivora.^^^ Hedgehog. 

{I. Spider Monkeys. 
2. Baboons. 
3. Ourang-Outang. 
4. Chimpanzee, etc. 



SECTION XIII. 

PHYSIOLOGY. 

CHAPTER I.— THE SKELETON. 



I. The bones.- 



' I . Number of Bones. 

2. Uses of the Bones. 

3. Composi'tzon of Boftes. 

4. Structure of Bones. 

5. Growth of Bones. 

6. Repair of Bones. 

7. foints. 



To protect delicate organs. 

Act as levers. 

Preserve the shape of body. 



8. Classification of 
Bones. 



I. Head, 



U: 



. 2. Trunk. 



1. Shoulder 



The Skull. 
The Face. 

' I. Number of 
Bones. 

2. Curvature. 

3. Skull artic- 
ulate. 
Number. 
Uses. 

I. Pelvis. 



I. Spine. 



Ribs. 



]^: 



3. Hip Bones. 
3 I. Clavicle 



2. Sacrum. 



9. Upper Limbs. \ 2. Arm. 



Scapula, 
Humerus, 
Ulna. 
Radius. 
^ , Carpus. 

3- Hand. 5 I- Metacarpal. 
■^ (2. Phalanges, 



10. Louver Limbs. 



2. The Knee, 



3. The Foot, 



[11. Diseases of the Bones. 



' I. The Hip.— I. Femur. 
' I. Patella. 

2. Tibia. 

3. Fibula. 

1. Tarsus. 

2. Metatarsus. 

3. Phalanges. 
[ 4. Deformities. 

1. Rickets. 

2. Felon. 

3. Bow-legs. 

4. Curvature of Spine. 

5. Sprains. 

6. Dislocation. 
. 7. Fracture. 



72 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



CHAPTER II.— THE MUSCLES. 



\ I. Voluntary. 
\ 2. Involuntary. 



I. Their number. 

II. Their use. 

III. Their arrangement. 

IV. Their kinds. 

V. Their structure. 

VI. Tendons. 

VII. As LEVERS OF THE BODY. 

VIII. Attached at the joints. 

IX. They enable us to stand erect. 

X. Muscular sense. 

XI. Exercise necessary. f i. St. Vitus's Dance. 

XII. Time to exercise. 2. Convulsions. 

XIII. Kinds of exercise. 3. Locked-jaw. 

XIV. Diseases of the muscles. \ 4. Gout. 

5. Rheumatism. 

6. Ganglion. 

7. Lumbago. 



CHAPTER III.— THE INTEGUMENT, OR SKIN. 



I. The structure of the skin. 



II. 
Ill, 



The use of the skin. 
Effect on complexion. 



IV. Appendages of the skin. 



V. The glands OF the skin. 



VI. Bathing necessary. 



VII. Diseases of the skin. - 



T/te Hair. 
The Nails. 
The Mucous Membrane. 

' I. The milk teeth. 

2. The permanent. 

3. The structure. 

4. Their positions. 

5. Their decay. 

6. Their preservation. 
Perspiration. 



r I. 
2. 

3- 



4. The Teeth. 



1 . The Oil Glands 

2. The Perspiratory. — i 

3. Absorbing properties. 

1. Reaction. 

2. Sea bathing;. 

3. Clothing. 

1. Erysipelas. 

2. Dropsy. 

3. Corns. 

4. Warts. 

5. Chilblains. 

6. Deformities of nails. 



PHYSIOLOGY. 



73 



CHAPTER IV.— RESPIRATION. 



I. Organs of respiration. 



II. Respiration. 



\'^. 



{ I. Trachea. 

2. Bronchial tubes. 

3. Lungs. 

4. Pleura. 

5. Cillia. 



III. Modifications of the breath. ■ 



IV. Capacity of lungs. 

V. Necessity of air. 

VI. Action of air. 

VII. Rebreathing. 

VIII. Ventilation. 

IX. Diseases of lungs. 



Inspiration. 
Expiration. 

1. Sighing. 

2. Sneezing. 

3. Coughing. 

4. Snoring. 

5. Laughing. 

6. Crying. 

7. Hiccough. 

8. Yawning. 
Constriction of the Lungs. 
Bronchitis. 
Pleurisy. 
Pneumonia. 
Consumption. 

6. Asphyxia. 

7. Diphtheria. 

8. Croup. 



CHAPTER v.— THE VOICE. 



i I. Lungs. 

I. Organs of voice. ^ 2. Glottis. 

II. Vocal cords. ( 3. Epiglottis. 

III. Tones of the voice. 

IV. Speech. 



CHAPTER VI.— CIRCULATION. 



I. Organs of circula- 
tion. 



r I . Movements. 
I 2. Auricles. 
The Heart. ■{ 3. Ventricles. 



1. Diastole. 

2. Systole. 



The Arteries 

Veins. 

Capillaries. 



i I. Tricuspid. 
1^ 4. Valves. < 2. Bicuspid, 
f 3. Semi-lunar, 

1. Arterial system. 

2. The Pulse. 



74 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



II. The uses of blood. 

III. Transfusion of blood. 

IV. Coagulation. 

V. Lesser circulation. 

VI. Greater circulation. 

VII. Velocity of the blood, 

VIII. Diffusion of heat by the blood 

IX. Change of tissue. 

X. The vital organs. 

XI. Lymphatic circulation. 



XII. Diseases of blood. 



\ I. Lymph. 

( 2. Use of Lymphatics. 

1. Congestion. 

2. Inflammation. 

3. Bleeding. 

4. Scrofula. 

5. Colds. 

6. Catarrh. 



CHAPTER VII.— FOOD. 



I. Sources of food, 



n: 



II. Organic food. - 



Albuminoids. , 
Fats and Oils. 1 ^' 



III. Inorganic food. 



IV. Stimulants. - 



The earth. 

The atmosphere. 

( I. Albumen. 
2. Fibrin. 
Glutin. 
Casein. 

!i. Sugar. 
2. Starch. 
3. Gums. 
' I . Water. 

2. Salt. 

3. Lime. 
■ 4. Iron. 

5. Soda. 

6. Potash. 

7. Magnesia, 

1. Spices. 

2. Flavors. 

3. Tea. 

4. Coffee. 

5. Acids. 



V. Proper food necessary. 



VI. Mixed food. 



VII. Kinds of food. i. Atiimal. 



Cooked. 
Raw. 



1 . For waste and repair. 

2. For hunger and thirst. 

3. In quantity. 



ri. Milk. 

! 2. Eggs. 

3. Meats. 

4. Fish. 



PHYSIOLOGY. 75 



fi. Bread. 
4. Alcohol. 



CHAPTER VIII.— DIGESTION. 



III. Mastication, j ^^ |^^'^^ 

IV. Gastric digestion, ] [" 



I, Necessary for assimilation of food. 

II. Manner of digestion. 

\ '■ 

I 2. Swallowing. 

The Stomach. 

Gastric Juice. 

SI. Bile. 
2. Pancreatic Juice. 
3. Small Intestines. 

VII. The nature of digestion. 

VIII. The time required. 

IX. Cooking food aids the digestion. 

X. Rapid eating retards digestion. 

XI. Amount of food taken. 

XII. Time it should be taken. 

XIII. Manner of eating. 

XIV. Food should be changed. 

XV. DISEASES. \ ■: ss;p-- 



CHAPTER IX.— THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

I. The brain. 

II. The cerebrum. 

III. The cerebellum. 

IV. The spinal cord. 

V. The transfer of pain by the nerves. • 

VI. Spinal nerves. 

1. Olfactory. 

2. Optic. 

3. Motores oculi. 

4. Tri-facial. 

5. Facial, 

6. Auditory. 

7. Glos-so-pha-ryngeal. 

8. Pneumogastric, 

9. Accessory. 
10. Hypoglossal, 



VII. Cranial nerves. 



1^ 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



VIII. Sympathetic system. 



1. Crossing cords. 

2. Reflection. 

3. Brain exercise. 

4. Sleep. 

5. Alcoholic effects. 

6. Sunlight 7tecessary. 



Excitement. 
Muscular 
weakness. 
, Mental weak- 
ness. 



I. The touch. 



II. The taste. 



CHAPTER X.— SPECIAL SENSES. 



I.: 



III. The smell. 



IV. The hearing. 



Use of Touch. 
Delicacy of Touch. 
Location of the Taste 
Uses of the Taste. 
Nostrils. 

Necessity of Smell 
^ I. The Ear. 
< 2. Sound Waves. ( 3 
( 3. Care of the Ear. 

I. Eyelids. 



i I. External. 
\ 2. Middle. 



Internal. 



V. The eyes, or sense of sight. 



2. Tears. 

3. The Retina. 

4. How we see. 

5. Near Sight. 

6. Far Sight. 

7. Care of the Eyes. 

8. The protection of the Eyes, 



CHAPTER XL— HEALTH AND DISEASE. 



I. Nature of disease. 

II. How to prevent disease. 

III. How to cure disease. 

IV. Death. * 

V. Decay. 



SECTION XIV. 

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 



CHAPTER L— MATTER. 



I. Imponderable. 

II. Ponderable. 



III. Bodies. 



U: 



\ I- ?f V ) '■ Aeriform. \ i 
|2.i^/«../.|^ Liquid. <^ 



Simple. 
Compound. 



IV. Properties of matter. 



I. Universal. 



2. Accessory. 



. Gases. 
. Vapors. 

1. Extension. 

2. Figure. 

3. Impenetrability. 

4. Indestructibility. 

5. Inertia. 

6. Divisibility. 

8. Compressibility. 

9. Expansibility. 

10. Mobility. 

11. Gravitation. 

1. Cohesion. 

2. Adhesion. 

3. Hardness. 

4. Tenacity. 

5. Elasticity. 

6. Brittleness. 

7. Malleability. 
.8. Ductility. 



CHAPTER II.— MECHANICS. 



I. Force. - 



I. Rest. 



U: 



2. Motion. 



Absolute. 
Relative. 

1. Absolute. 

2. Relative. 

3. Velocity. C i. Uniform. 

4. Kinds. < 2. Accelerated. 

5. Momentum. ( 3. Retarded. 

6. Striking force. 

7. Centrifugal force. 

8. Simple motion. 

9. Resultant motion. 

10. Reflected. 

11. Action and reaction. 

12. Laws of motion. (See over.) 



78 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



\s/ Law. — A body at rest remains at rest; a body in motion moves in a 

straight line with uniform velocity, unless acted upon by some external force. 

2d Law. — A given force always produces the same effect, whether the 

body upon which it acts is in motion or at rest ; whether it is acted upon by 

that force alone or by others at the same time. 

3(^/ Law. — Reaction is always equal to action, and opposite to it in di- 
rection. 

I. Direction. [ i. Weight above the earth's surface. 
2. At different parts of the surface. 

All objects weigh most at the 



II. Gravity.^ 



Weight. 



3. Law. 



3. Laws of Gravity. 



4. Falling Bodies. 



surface of the earth. Ascend- 
ing from the surface, their 
weight diminishes as the square 
of their distance from the cen- 
tre increases ; descending tow- 
ards the centre, their weight 
diminishes as their distance 
from the surface increases. 
The force of gravity increases as 
the amount of matter increases. 
The force of gravity decreases as 
the square of the distance increases. 
' Gravity gives a falling body 
a certain velocity in the 
first second of its descent ; 
and still forcing it down- 
ward, it increases that ve- 
locity in the following sec- 
onds till it reaches the 
earth. 

Bodies thrown downward. 
Parachute. 
Ascending bodies. 
I. 



I. Law. 



The force by 
which it was 
thrown. 

Gravity. 

Resistance of the 



Forces acting upon 
projectiles. 
5. Projectiles. •* 2. Path of projectiles. 
, Random. 
Gunnery. 

I. Application to clock-work. 
yd. Pendulum, i. 2. Gridiron Pendulum. 
( 3. Laws of Pendulum : 
\st Law 0/ Pendulum, or Vibratioft. — The vibrations of a g^ven pendu- 
lum are performed in very nearly the same time, whether it moves through 
longer or shorter space. 

zd Law. — The vibrations of pendulums of different lengths are performed 
in different times ; and their lengths are proportioned to the squares of their 
times of vibration. 

id Law. — The vibrations of the same pendulum are not performed in 
the same time at all parts of the earth's surface ; but, being caused by grav- 
ity, differ slightly, like gravity, according to the distance from the earth's 
centre. 



NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 



79 



n. Gravity. 



7. Centre of Gravity. 



.] 



8. Motive Power. • 



( I. How found. 

2. Stability of bodies. 

3. Effect of Rotary motion. 

4. Centre of gravity in man. 
[ 5. Equilibrium. 

1. Gravity. 

2. Springs. 

3. Strength of man. 
Wind. 



, 9. Resistatice. 



4 

5. Water. 

6. Steam. 
Units of work. 
Horse-power. 
Friction. 



in. Machines. 



Perpetual motion. 
Law of tnachines. 



4. Mechanical 
powers. 



I. Levers 
class. 



2. Levers 
class. 



of the first 



[ 3. Levers of the third class. - 



2. Wheel-and-axle. 



1. Sliding. 

2. Rolling. 
( 3. Modes of lessening. 

f What a machine gains in 
amount of work, it loses in 
time ; and what it gains in 
time, it loses in amount of 
( work. 
Advantages of using machinery. 

fi. Lever. (See below.) 

2. Wheel-and-Axle. (See below.) 

3. Pulley. (See over.) 

4. Inclined Plane. (See over.) 

5. The Wedge. (See over.) 

6. The Screw. (See over.) 

7. Wheel-work. (See over.) 
With levers of the first kind, inten- 
sity of force is gained, and time 
is lost, in proportion as the dis- 
tance between the power and the 
fulcrum exceeds the distance be- 
tween the weight and fulcrum. 

Balance. 
Steelyards. 
Bent levers. 
Compound levers. 

f With levers of the second class, intensity 
of force is gained, and time lost, in pro- 
{ portion as the distance between the 
I power and the fulcrum exceeds the dis- 
[ tance between the weight and fulcrum. 
' With levers of the third class, intensity of 
force is lost, and time gained, in pro- 
portion as the distance from the weight 
to the fulcrum exceeds the distance 
from the power to the fulcrum. 

With the wheel-and-axle, intensity 
of force is gained, and time lost, 
in proportion as the circumfer- 
ence of the wheel exceeds that of 
the axle. 



I. Law. 



of the second 



I. Law. 



8o 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



2. Wheel-and-axle. 2. 
f I. Fixed. 

2. Movable. 

3. White's. 

4. Law. 



Different forms. 



1. Capstan. 

2. Windlass. 



3. Pulley, 



With movable pulleys, a power will bal- 
ance a weight as many times greater 
than itself as twice the number of mov- 
( able pulleys employed, 
r I. Bodies rolling down a plane. 
4. Inclined plane. ) [ With an inclined plane, intensity of 

( 2 Law -' ^°^^^ '^ gained, and time lost, in 
j proportion as its length exceeds its 
[ height, 
f I, First kind of wedge. 

Second kind of wedee. ^ „,• 1 
- s '^With 

the 

the 



5. The wedge. 



6. The screw. 



, 7. Wheel-work. 



.| 3. Advantages of wedge. 
[ 4. Law of Wedge. 

1. The Convex. I 

2. The Concave. *- 

3. Advantages of the screw. 

4. Hunter's Screw. 

5. Endless Screw. C i. 

1. Modes of connection. < 2. 

2. Rack and Pin. ( 3. 

3. Forge Hammer. 

4. Cranks. 

5. Fly-wheels. , 

6. Clocks and Watches. < ^' 



a given thickness, 
longer the wedge, 
easier it will pene- 



trate. 



Friction. 

Bands. 

Teeth. 



1. Spur. 

2. Crown. 

3. Bevel. 



IV. Hydrostatics, ■ 



Clock-work. 
Watch-work. 



1 . Nature of liquids. 

2. Zaw.— Water always, at rest, finds its level. 

3. Artesian wells. 
4- 
5- 
6. 

7. 



Springs. 
Locks. 

Spirit Levels. 
Pressure of liq- 



uids. — Laws : 



3- 



1. Liquids, subjected to pres- 
sure, transmit it undimin- 
ished in all directions. 

2. Liquids, influenced by 
gravity alone, press in all 
directions. 

The pressure of liquids in 
every direction is propor- 
^ tioned to their depth, 
o. Hydrostatic Paradox. 
9. Hydrostatic Bellows. 

10. Hydrostatic Press. 

11. Specific Gravity of Liquids. — Hydrometer, 

1 2. Specific Gravity of Solids. 

13. Specific Gravity of Gases. 
' I. Cause. 

2. Examples. 

3. Laws. (See below,) 

4. Floating bodies 

5. Endosmose. 

6. Exosmose. 



14. Capillary Attraction. 



1st Law of Capillary Attraction. 
heights in tubes of the same size. 



-Different liquids rise to different 



NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 



8l 



id Law. — The same liquid always rises to the same height in a tube of 
given size, and this height is proportioned to the fineness of the bore. 

^ I. Velocity. 

1. Flowing through orifices. < 2. Course. 

( 3. Volume. 

2. Flowing through) -a- M. Waves. 
pipes and streatfis. \ ( -• Tides. 



V. Hydraulics.^ 



S I. Ebb. 



3. Water- Wheels. 



''''''• ) -> Flow 
( I. Propulsion of Boats. < - ^^°^^' 

I 2. Machines for raising water. 

-! 3. Archimedes' Screw. 

4. Chain Pump. 

5. Hydraulic Ram. 



CHAPTER HL— PNEUMATICS. 



L Elastic fluids. 

I. Vacuums 



H. Air. 



2. Properties. 



Gases. 
Vapors. 

1. Compressible 

2. Elastic. 

3. It has weight 

4. Mariotte's law. - 



Atmospheric pressure. — Barometer 

Density of air at different levels 

C-/3* t -e 1. 4 ■ M- Rarefies. 

Effect of heat on atr. ^ ^ Balloons. 

( r. Single-barrelled. 

2. Double-barrelled. 

3. Experiments. 



' The greater the pressure to 
which the fluids are sub- 
jected, the less space they 
occupy and the greater 
their density. 
S I. Tube. 
• \ 2. Wheel. 



6. Air Pump 
L 7. Condenser. 



III. Pneumatic machines. 



1. Siphon. 

2. Tantalus's Cup. 

3. Lifting Pump. 

4. Forcing Pump. 

5. Fire Engines. 
Centrifugal Pump. 



7. Stomach Pu7np. 



CHAPTER IV.— PYRONOMICS. 



I. Nature of heat. 



w 



II. Sources of heat. , 



Sensible. 
Latent. 
The Sun. 
Mechanical action. 



3 I. By friction. 

I2. - 



By percussion. 



Chemical actiott 
Electricity. 



S I. Combustion. 
■ ( 2. Animal heat. 



S2 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



III. Diffusion of heat. 



I. Bj/ Con- 
duction. 



Good Conductors. — Solids. 

[ I. Porous bodies. 

Bad Con- J 
ductors. 



Fibrous bodies. 
Liquids. 
Gases. 
Vapors. 



2. By Convection. 



3. Conducting power of Solids. 

4. Conducting power of Liquids. 

5. Conducting power of Gases. 

6. Conducting power of Vapors. 



3, By Radia- 
tion. 



Radiant heat dimin- 
ishes in intensity 
as the square of 
the distance from 
the radiating 
body increases. 

Reflection. 

Absorption of Radiant heat. 

Tran'smission of heat. 



I. Law. - 



IV. Effects 

OF HEAT. 



Expansion. 
Liquefaction. 
Vaporization. 
Condensation. 
Incandescence. 
Specific heat. 



7. Steam. 



Of Solids. 
Of Liquids. 
Of Gases. 
Of Vapors. 

Thermometer. 
Differential. 
Pyrometer. 
I. Generation of steam. 
Condensation. 

Hero's Engine. 



3. Steam- 
Engines. 



De Garay's Engine. 
De Cause & Branca's. 



Papin's. r i. Boiler. 
Watt's. 2. Safety-valve. 

fi. High 
ir-A Pressure. 

^'"^^•2. Low 

[ Pressure. 
Newcomen's. 

I. Stationary. 
^4. Uses of Engines.^ 2. Marine. 

3. Locomotive. 



CHAPTER v.— OPTICS. 



I. Nature of light. 



1. Rays. 

2. Production 



j I. Self-luminous bodies. 
^^' \ 2. Non-luminous bodies. 



^ . . yC I. Transparent bodies. 

'K. Transmission of} ^^ T .. u j • 

/ , i^- Translucent bodies. 

^•^ ' ■ (3. Opaque bodies. 

4. The Media. 



NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 



85 



II. Sources of light. 



1 . Sun and Stars. 

2. Chemical Action. 

3. Mechanical Action. 

4. Electricity. 



III. Propagation 

OF LIGHT. 



5. Phosphorescence. 

1. Light radiates from every point of a luminous sur- 
face in every direction. 

2. In a uniform medium, light is propagated in 
straight lines. 

3. Velocity. 

4. Law of intensity. — The intensity of light diminishes 
according to the square of the distance from the lu- 



IV. Shadows. — Penumbra. 



minous body that produces it. 



V. Reflection and 

FLECTING surfaces. 



RE- 



I. Mirrors. 



2. Law of reflection. 



3. Images. 

4. Reflection from 
Mirrors. 



VI. Refraction 

LIGHT. 



OF 



I. By Atmosphere. - 




( I. Plane. 
} 2. Concave. 
( 3. Convex. 

{The angle of reflec- 
tion is equal to 
the angle of inci- 
dence. 
From Plane. 
Kaleidoscope. 
Concave Mirrors. 
Convex Mirrors, 
f I. Double Concave. 
Piano-Concave. 
Double Convex. 
Piano-Convex. 
Concavo-Convex. 



jst Law of Refraction. 



By Prisms and Lenses, 
— I. Classes of Lenses: 

By Convex Lenses. 

By Concave Lenses. [ 6. Meniscus, 

By Multiplying Glass. 

Double Refraction. 
-In a uniform medium, there is no refraction. 



It 



is only on passing from one medium to another, that a ray is turned from 
its course. 

2d Law. — Only such rays as enter a medium obliquely are refracted, — not 
such as enter at right angles. 

3<^Zaw.— When a ray passes obliquely from a rarer to a denser me- 
dium, it is refracted towards a line perpendicular to the surface. 

4/^ Z^Tf .— When a ray passes from a denser, into a rarer medium, it is 
refracted from the perpendicular. 
VII. Polarization of light. 

' I. Solar Spectrum. 

2. Difference of color. 

3. Complementary colors. 

4. Properties of the Spectrum. 

5. Dark lines in the Spectrum, 

6. Dispersion of Light. 

7. Achromatic Lenses. 

8. Rainbow. 
0. Haloes. 



VIII. Chromatics. 



IX. Vision, i. The Eye. — Parts of eye. - 



1. Cornea. 

2. Iris. 

3. Pupil. 

4. Aqueous matter. 

5. Crystalline lens. 



84 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



IX. Vision. 



I. The Eye. 



\ 



i I. Parts of eye. 
\ 2. Uses. 
Defects of vision. 
Images formed on Retina 
Visual angle. 
Adaptation of the eye. 

I. Camera Obsctira. 
Microscope. 



6. Vitreous matter. 

7. Retina. 

8. Choroki Coat. 

9. Sclerotic Coat, 
o. Optic Nerve. 



f 



X. Optical instruments. 



3. Magic Lantern. \ ' 

4. r.W>«.j-;Jefrac.K| 



1. Single. 

2. Compound. 

3. Solar Microscopes. 
Phantasmagoria. 
Dissolving views. 



CHAPTER VI.— ACOUSTICS. 

I. Nature of sound. 

II. Origin of sound. 

III. Transmission of sound. 

IV. Velocity of sound. 

V. Distance transmitted. 
' I. Speaking Trumpet. 
^ 2. Stethoscope. 

VII. Interference of sound, v i. Echoes. 

VIII. Reflection of sound. \ 2. Ear Trumpets. 

( 3. Whispering Galleries. 

1. Loudness. 

2. Pitch. 

3. Quality, 
f I . Stringed. 



VI. Acoustic tubes. 



IX. Musical sounds. 



X. Musical 

MENTS. 



INSTRU- 



XI. Gamut. 

XII. Harmony. 



2, Wind. 



1. Vocal Organs. 

2. Vocal Chords. 

3. Ventriloquism. 
(^4. Stammering. 

The voice of inferior animals. 

SI. Outer Ear. 
2. Inner Ear. 
3. Drum. 



( I. Pianos. 
< 2. Harps. 
( 3. Violins, etc. 

i I. Organ. 
Kinds. \ 2. Flute. 

^ 3. Fife, etc. 
Manner of producing sound. 



XIII. Human voice. 



XIV. 



NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, 



85 



CHAPTER VIL— ELECTRICITY. 



I. Sources of electricity. 



1. Developed by Friction. 

2. Developed by Chemical Action. 

3. Developed by Magnetism. 

4. Developed by Heat. 

II. Attraction and repulsion. 

III. Nature of electricity. 

IV. Conduction. — Insulators. 

V. Path of the current. fi. Cylinder machine. 

VI. Velocity of electricity. ) 2. Plate. 

VII. Electrical machines. -! 3. Insulating Stool. 

4. Leyden Jar. 

5. Battery. 

VIII. Mechanical effect of the passage of electricity. 
IX; Ignition by the electric spark. 

X. Electrophorous. 

XI. Electroscopes. 

XII. Electrometers. 

XIII. Electrical induction. , ^ .^. 

XIV. Electricity from steam. [ ' //^pj' > ^ 

XV. Atmospheric electricity. \ ^- V : ^""'^.f J^!'^- „«. ^ tv u. ■ 

3. Fire Balls, i i. Effects of Iightnmg. 

[ 4. Lightning. < 2. Lightning Rods. 

Dry Piles. ( 3. Thunder. 

Quantity and Intensity, 

Theory of the Battery. 

Difference between Frictional and Voltaic 

Electricity. f 1. Decomposition. 

I 2. Protection of metals. 

Effect of Voltaic. { 3. Luminous and Heat- 

How produced. \ ing. 

Batteries. [4. Physiological. 



steam, 
electricity. 

XVI. Voltaic electricity. 

XVII. Galvani's the- 
ory. 

XVIII. Volta's theory. 

XIX. Galvanic batter- 
ies. 



r I. 

2. 

3- 

4- 



XX. Thermo-Electric 
ity. 



15- 



CHAPTER VIII.— MAGNETISM. 



I. Natural magnets. 



II. Artificial magnets. 



Poles. 

Power. 

Armature. 

1. Magnetic needles. 

2. Poles. 



III. Properties of the magnet 



IV. Law of attraction. 



1. Attraction. 

2. Polarity. 

3. Magnetic variation. 

4. Magnetic Dip. 

5. Compass. 

Magnetic attraction decreases in intensity as 
the square of the distance from the magnet 
increases. 



86 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



VIII. The produc- 
tion OF ARTIFI- 
CIAL MAGNETS. 



Magnets in needles. 
In Horseshoes. 
In Bars. 
With currents. 



V. Law of polarity. — Like poles of magnets repel each other, and 
unhke poles attract each other. 

VI. Theory of magnetism. 

VII. Terrestrial magnetism.— Magnetic intensity. 
' I. By Induction. 

2. By the Sun's rays. ( i. 

3. By Contact with a Mag- J 2. 
net. . I 3. 

4. By Electric currents. [ 4. 

1 . Effect of electrical cjirrents. 

2. Connection between electricity and magnet- 
ism. 

3. Electro-magnetic rotation. 

4. Effect of electric currents upon Steel and 
Soft Iron. k I. Magnetizing power of the 

5. The Helix, -j Helix. 
( 2. Electro-magnets. 

6. Electro-magnetism as a power. 

1. Morse's. 

2. House & 
Bain's. 

3. Submarine. 



IX. Electro-mag 
netism. 



7. Electro-magnetic telegraph. 

8. Electro-magnetic clocks. 

9. Electro-magnetic Fire Alarms. 
\ 10. The Helix a magnet. 

X. Electricity.— Magnets. 

XI. Diamagnetism. 



CHAPTER IX.— ASTRONOMY. 



I. Fundamental facts 



II. The solar 

TEM. 



SYS- 



I, The Sun. 



Space is tilled with worlds, etc. 
These are divided into systems. 
The Stars are Suns. 
Some have satellites. 
The Earth is a planet. 

1. Solar spots. 

2. Constitution of the sun. 
I 3. Motions of the sun. 
[4. The Zodiacal light. 

i I. The Orbits of the Planets. 

2. The Planets. < 2. Bode's Law. 

( 3. Kepler's Laws: 

\st Law. — The Orbits of the planets are ellipses 
having one focus in common, and in this com- 
mon the sun is situated. 

id Law. — The radius Vector of a planet passes 
over equal areas in equal times. 

2)d Law. — The squares of the planet's times of 
revolution around the sun, are proportioned to 
the cubes of their distances _/><?/« the sun. 

2. The Planets. \ 4- ^^^^ ^"^ apparent motions of 
I planets. 



NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 



87 



5. The Aspect of the 
Planets, 



6. The Planets 
themselves. 



1. Quadrature. 

2. Conjunction. 

3. Opposition. 

4. Transits. 

5. Occultation. 



1. Mercury. 

2. Venus. 

3. The Earth. 



4. The Moon, -j 2. Motions. 

5. Mars. ( 3. Phases. 

6. The Asteroids. 

7. Jupiter. 

8. Saturn. 

9. Uranus. 

10. Neptune. , 

11. Real and apparent po- | ^' 
sition of these Heavenly-* 



1. Its Motions. 

2. Its Orbit. 

3. Horizon, Zenith and Nadir. 

4. Eclipse. 

5. Zodiac. 

6. Change of Seasons. 
t I. Size. 



Bodies 

12. Eclipses 

13. Comets. 



U: 



Fixed Stars. 

Galaxy. 

NebulcB. 



Magnitudes. 
Constellations. 
Distances from the earth. 



Of Sun. [ 

Of Moon. 

Constitutions. 

Orbits. 

Velocity. 

Number. 



Effect of Re- 
fraction. 

Effects of Par- 
allax. 



CHAPTER X.— METEOROLOGY. 



I. The wind. | \ ^f^'J^^^- 



II. Atmospheric moisture.- 



r. Constant. 

2. Periodical 

3. Variable. 



1. Fog. 

2. Clouds. 

3. Dew. 

4. Rain. 

5. Snow. 

6. Hail. 



I. Hurricanes. 

} 2. Tornadoes. 

( 3. Waterspouts. 
r I. Nimbus. 
' 2. Cumulus. 

3. Cirrus. 

4. Stratus. 



SECTION XV. 



MENTAL PHILOSOPHY. 



CHAPTER I.— EMPIRICAL PSYCHOLOGY. 



I. The attainment of facts. 



II. Final rule for disputed facts. -I 



III. Classification 

OF FACTS. 



I . The general facts 
of the mind. 



2. Original facts 
of the mind. 



1. Fix the attention upon a fact. 

2. Compare facts. 

3. Analyze Complex facts. 

1. Facts must come within Con- 
sciousness. 

2. The decision must be general. 

3. It must be unbiassed. 
' I. The existence of the 

mind. 

2. This existence not ideal. 

3. The conscious identity 
through change. 

4. The mind self-active. 

5. Discriminates itself from 
its objects. 

1. Sensation. 

2. Consciousness, 
r I. Intellectu- 

3. Capacity for | al state, 
knowing, feel- I 2. Emotional 
ing and will- 1 state, 
ing. 3. Willing 

state. 



CHAPTER II.— INTELLECT. 



I. Sense. 



II. Understanding. < 



, 77 < / i I- Observation 

1. External, j ,_ Attention. 

2. Internal. — Fancy. 

1. Memory. 

2. Conception. 

3. Association. 

4. Abstraction 

5. Reflect io?i. 

6. fudgment. 



1. Analytical. 

2. Synthetical. 

3. Categorical. 

4. Hypothetical. 
^ 5. Disjunctive. 



MENTAL PHILOSOPHY. 



89 



n. Understanding. 



7. Deductive. 



in. Reason. 



l3. 

u. 



8. Inductive. 



S 



1. Major Premises. 

2. Minor Premises. 

3. Conclusion. 
Minor Premises. 
Major Premises. 

( 3. Conclusion. 
9. Imagination. 
Modifies sense and understanding. 
Comprehends nature by the Supernatural. 
Attains its own ideal of perfection. 
Inspires Fancy and Imagination. 



CHAPTER III.— SUSCEPTIBILITY. 



I. Animal. 



II. Rational. 



III. Spiritual. 



Instinct. 
Appetite. 

Natural affections. 
Selfishness. 
Disinterestedness. 

1. Esthetic Emotions. 

2. Scientific Emotions. 

3. Ethical Emotions. 

4. Conscience. 

5. Theistic Emotions. 

1 . The process by which induced. 

2. Distinctions itt spiritual sentiment. 



(? 



Ethical. 
Religious. 
Christian. 
Sentimen t s 
of Love. 



3. Union of responsibility with spiritual sentiment. 



CHAPTER IV.— THE WILL. 



I. Complete conceptions 
OF capacity for will- 
ing. 



f I. Capacity for prefer- 
ence. 
2. Capacity to choose 
what is agreeable. 
Different Con- , 3. Power of self-deter- 
ceptions. j mination. 

4. Power to choose hap- 
piness. 

5. Will is purely spon- 
taneous. 

f I. An act of the will 

1777,^4 „ ^„,^j,7 4^ must have its end. 

, What are cotnpiete y. , , 

conceptions &f /^^ J 2. Must na\e an al- 
will ternate kmd. 

3. Must be an end 
in the Reason. 



90 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



II. Exercise of capac- 
ity FOR WILLING. 



III. DISCRIMINATION OF 
ACTS OF THE WILL. 



IV. CLASSIFICATIONS 
ACTS OF THE WILL. 



OF 



1 . Conscious responsibility. 

2. Distinction between Brute and Human will. 

3. Man discriminates his own. 

4. Reciprocal complacency stands in liberty. 

5. Power to resist constitutional nature. 

Individual. 



1 6. Individual Consciousnesss. 

1. From Spontaneity. 

2. From impulse of Appetite. 

3. From Desire. 

4. From Spiritual Affections. 

1. Immanent preference. 

2. For governing purposes. 

3. For desultory volitions. 



]^: 



Universal. 



CHAPTER v.— THE MIND CAN ATTAIN ITS END. 



I. Conception of causality. 



II. True conceptions of cause. 



1. Occasional causes. 

2. Sufficient reasons. 

3. Habitual repetition. 

4. Invariable succession. 

5. Causality only regulates conceptions 
in our minds. 

Simple succession. 



III. Classification of causes. 



IV. Grounds of certainty. 



Positive. 
Possible. 



V. Natural inability 



VI. The mind an agent 



VII. Competency 
of the mind. 



2. Qualified cause. 

3. Mechanical cause. 
i 4. Physical cause. 

5. Vital cause. 

6. Spontaneous cause. 

, ,T . . ^ I. Chance. 
I. Negative, j ^_ ^^^^ 

( I. Individual necessity. 

2. Absolute necessity. 

3. Physical necessity. 

4. Hypothetical necessity. 
Applications of certainty. 

f I. Absolute necessity. 

2. Physical necessity. 

3. Hypothetical necessity. 

4. Strong desire. 

5. Balanced desires. 

1. Man as an animal agent. 

2. Man as a rational agent. 

3. Combination of rational and animal. 
[4. Objections to liberty of Will. 

Natural com- \ \- ^^P^^le of determining law. 

■detencv \ "• Capable of obeymg law. 

^ ■^' (3. When wrong can change. 

Moral competency. 



.\ 



SECTION XVI. 



I. Water. ■ 



CHEMISTRY. 

CHAPTER I.— LIQUID AND AERIFORM MATTER. 

f I. Colorless. 

2. Transparent. 

3. Tasteless. 

4. Inodorous. 
Hydrogen, -j 5. Weighty. 

6. Compressible. 

7. Inflammable. 

8. Has Heat. 

9. Explosive. 

1. Colorless. 

2. Transparent. 

3. Tasteless. 
2. Oxygen. ^ 4. Inodorous. 

5. Has Weight. 

6. Inflammable. 

7. Promotes the burning of other bodies. 

1. It is impure. 

2. It dissolves other substances. 

3. It dissolves Air. 

4. It dissolves Gases. 



3. Common water, or 
water as coimnonly 
found. 



5. Impure water. 



Rain water. 

Spring water. 

River water. 

Mineral water. 
By Distillation. 
By Refrigeration. 



1^: 

|3- 
A- 



I. Nz'trosreti. 



II. The atmosphere. - 



2. Water vapor 
I 



6. To purify j i 
water. ( 2 

1. Colorless. 

2. Tasteless. 

3. Inodorous. 

4. Weighty. 

5. Harmless. 

6. Its absence causes death 



3. Dioxide. 



Colorless. 

2. Weighty. 

3. Will extinguish fire. 

4. Will extinguish life. 

5. It is soluble. 

6. It is found in solution 
where. 

7. Is in Soda Water. 



every- 



92 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



3. Dioxide. 



4. Oxygen. 



II. THE ATMOSPHERE. ' 5- I t is a mixture of- 



6. Combustion 



8. Is in Seltzer Water. 

9. Is a compound 
of— 

1. Colorless. 

2. Transparent. 

3. Tasteless. 

4. Inodorous. 

5. Weighty, etc 

\l' 

3- 

4- 
•i I. Heat. 
\ 2. Light, 



U: 



Oxygen. 
Carbon. 



(See page 91.) 
Oxygen. 
Nitrogen. 
Water Vapor. 
Dioxide. 



r I. Inhalation. 



, Respi- 
ration. 



Exhalation. 
Ventilation. 



1. Nitrogen. 

2. Oxygen. 

3. Water Vapor. 

4. Carbonic Dioxide. 
' I. Nitrogen. 

2. Oxygen. 

3. Water Vapor. 

4. Carbonic Dio.x- 
ide. 

5. Other offensive 
impurities. 



CHAPTER II.— PLANTS. 



I. Composition. 



' I . Nitrogen. 

• Oxygen. 

. Hydrogen 

4. Carbon. 



II. Growth of plants. < 



1. Infusibility. 

2. Insoluble. 

3. Absorption. 

4. Durability. 
- 5. Combustible. 

6. Inflammable. 

7. Charcoal. 

8. Graphite. 

9. Diamonds. 

1. Root. 

2. Stem. 

3. Leaves. 

4. Necessary elements. 



f I. Carbon. 
' 2. Hydrogen. 
3. Oxygen. 
Nitrogen, 



III. Substance of 
plants. 



E- r ) I. Liquid food. 
^' (2. Gaseous food. 

. 6. Circtdation of plants. 
' I. Tasteless. 
2. Insoluble. 
I. Cellulose. -'3. Is found in trunks of trees. 

4. Is found in straw and stalks of 
I grain. 



CHEMISTRY. 



93 



III. Substance of 

PLANTS. 



1. Cellulose. 

2. Starch. 

3. Sugar. 

4. Gum. 

5. Oils. 

6. Chlorophyl. 



IV. Decay of plants. — Decomposition 



' I . Charcoal. 
2. IVood Tar 



V. Effect of heat 
ON wood. 



5. Is found in the skin, seeds and 
core of fruits. 

6. Is found in the Bran of Corn and 
Wheat. 

j 7. Is found in the framework of leaves. 

8. Is Combustible. 
I T -c 1 • M- Gun Cotton. 

1 9. Is Explosive. j 2. Collodion. 

f I. Peat. 

I 2. Bituminous Coal. 

' 3. Anthracite Coal. 

i I. Naphtha. 
4. Petroleum. < 2. Kerosene. 
( 3. Asphaltum. 

SI. Acetic Acid. 
2. Creosote. 
3. Wood-Spirit. 

1. Marsh Gas. 

2. Olefiant Gas, 
or tire-damp. 

I. From Wood. 



4. Gases. 



3. Illuminat- 
ing Gases. 



From 
Coal. 



1. Ammonia. 

2. Coal Tar. 

3. Carbolic 
Acid. 

4. Benzole. 

5. Nitro-Ben- 
zole. 

6. Analine. 



CHAPTER III.— SOLIDS. ETC. 



I. Marble. 



I. Carbonic Dioxide. 
I. Oxygen. 
Calcium. 

' I. Amethyst. 



II. Sandstone. 



Lime. \ 



Oxygen. 
Silicon. 



III. Slate. 



U: 



Silicia. 
Alumina. 



Opal. 

3. Chrysoprase. 

4. Jasper. 

5. Agate. 

6. Onyx. 

7. Chalcedony. 

8. Carnelian. 
Oxygen. 
Aluminum. 



IV. Granite. 



1. Silicon. 

2. Aluminum. 

3. Calcium. 

4. Oxygen. 

5. Potassium. — i. Potash. 

6. Sodium. 

7. Magnesium,. 



94 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



V. Soils. 



]^: 



Mineral. 
Organic. 



1. Silicia. 

2. Lime. 

3. Magnesia. 

4. Potash. 

5. Soda. 

6. Oxide of iron. 

7. Sulphuric acid. 

8. Phosphoric acid. 



CHAPTER IV.— ELEMENTS. 



L Chlorine. 



IL Bromine. 



1. Has color. 

2. Is odorous. 

3. Has weight. 

4. Is soluble. 

5. // has attraction for Hydrogen. 

6. // removes color. 

7. // is a disinfect a7tt. 
It has attraction for metals. 
Liquid. 
Bromides. 

I. Solid. 



{^: 



in. Iodine. < 2. 



Soluble. 
Iodides. 



IV. Sulphur. — i. Sulphides. 



V. Phosphorous. — i. Phosphates 



VI. Arsenic. 



\ I. Solid. 

\ 2. Arsenous Oxide. 



VII. Iron. 



1. Ores. — I. Magnetic- 

2. Hematite. 

3. Carbonate of Iron. 

4. Cast-iron. 

5. Malleable Iron. 

6. Steel. 

( I. Copper Pyrites. 

T^TTT /-^ ^^^ I 2. Malachite. 

VIII. Copper. J _ 5,;,,/^,>,^. 

Uses for Alloys. 



Mercuric-Iodide. 
Iodide. 

' I. Sulphide of Iron. 

2. Galena. 

3. Sulphurous Oxide. 

4. Sulphuric Acid. 

5. Sulphurous Acid. 

6. Sulphuretted Hydrogen 
i I. Calcic Phosphate. 
< 2. Phosphoric Oxide. 
( 3. Phosphoric Acid. 

1. Colorless. 

2. Soluble. 

3. Tasteless. 

4. Inodorous 

5. Poisonous. 

6. Arseniuretted Hydrogen 
Lodestone. 



f I . Color. 
, Comb u s- 
tibility. 
For 
Matches. 



\l 



Carbon. 
Silicon. 
Phosphorous. 
Sulphur. 



1. Brass. 

2. Bronze. 

3. German Silver. 



CHEMISTRY. 



95 



IX. Zinc. 



X. Tin. 



Blende. 
Red Oxide. 
Sntithsonite. 
Properties. 



1. Tin Stone. 

2. Properties. 

3. Alloys. 






XI. Lead. 



Galena. 
Properties. 



XII. Mercury. 
drargyrum.) 



Alloys.— 
(Hy- 



1. Color. 

2. Weight. 

3. Brittleness. 

Brilliant. 
Malleability. 
Pewter. 
Britannia. 
Color. 
Malleability, 
3. Weight. 
( 4. Poisonous. 
Type metal. 

i I. Cintiabar. 

< 2. Properties. \ 

( 3. Liquid metal. 



1^: 



XIII. Silver, 



XIV. Gold. 



j I. Sulphide. 



Properties. 



Color. 
Weight. 
Malleable. 
Uses. 



li 



1. Color. 

2. Weight. 

3. C o m- 
pounds. 

The whitest metal. 

Malleable. 

Ductile. 



1. Cor r OS i ve 
Sublimate. 

2. Calomel. 



CHAPTER v.— CHEMICAL ATTRACTION. 

I. First Law. — Every compound is always made up of the same elements, 
and always of the same proportion, by weight, of the elements. 

II. Second Law. — If one substance combines with another in more than 
one proportion, these proportions are always multiples of the combining 
weight. 



SECTION XVII. 

GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE. 

CHAPTER I.— PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT. 



I. Rights of 

PERSONS, 



Absolute. 



f I. Public. 



_ 2. Relative. < 



2. Private. 



II. Rights 

THINGS. 



OF 



I. Real things. 



2. Personal 
things. 



1. Of personal security. 

2. Of personal liberty. 

3. Of private property. 

1. To establish a government. 

2. To share in the government. 

3. To be protected by the gov- 
ernment. 

4. Of Aliens. 

5. Of Citizens. 
Master and Servant. 
Husband and Wife. 
Parent and Child. 
Guardian and Ward. 

1. Gained by Occu- 
pancy. 

2. Gained by Custom. 

3. Gained by Succes- 
sion. 

4. Gained by Mar- 
riage. 

5. Gained by Judg- 
ment. 

6. Gained by Grant. 



r I. Kinds. 
I 2. Tenures. 
1 3. Estates. 
[4. Titles. 

1. Their distribution. 

2. Property in them. 

3. Title to them. 



Gained 
tract. 
, Gained 
ment. 

Gained by Admin- 
istration, 



by Con- 
by Testa- 



CHAPTER II.— KINDS OF GOVERNMENT. 



1. Absolute. 

2. Limited. 

3. Hereditary. 

4. Elective. 



I. Monarchical. 

II. Aristocratic 

III. Democratic. V^' T^Z^'y 

{ 2. Republican 

IV. Patriarchal. 



GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE. 



97 



CHAPTER III.— STATE GOVERNMENTS. 



1. Nature. 

2. Convention. 
\ 3. Adoption. 

I 4. Atnendments. 
[ 5. The Value. 



I. Constitution. 



2. 5<?a-. 

3. Residence. 
II. Electors. ■{ 4. Aliens. 

I 5. Criminals. 
I 6. Idiots. 
[ 7. Color. 

' I. When held. 

2. Officers. 

3. J^^//;/^. 

4. Challe7iging. 

5. Registration. 

6. Canvassing . 

7. Plurality. 

8. Majority. 



III. Elections. 



I. Legislature. 



IV. Divisions of I 2. Meetings of 
GOVERNMENT. ^ Le^isldture. 



3. Enacting laws. 



V. State officers. — i. Governor. \ 

7 



Senate. < 



Legislature, 
or Assembly. 



1. How composed. 

2. Quali fications of 
members. 

3. Terms. 

4. Appointment. 
^ 5. Salary. 

f I. How composed. 

2. Qualifications of 
members. 

3. Terms. 

4. Appointment. 

5. Census. 

6. Vacancy. 

7. Salary. 

8. Privilege of 
[ members. 



Time. 

Place. 

Organization. 

Officers. 

Quorum. 

Interruption. 

1. Rules. 

2. Governor's message. 

3. Introduction of Bills. 

4. Committees. 

5. Bills, etc. 

6. Readings. 

7. Passage. 

8. Concurrence of both Houses. 

9. Veto. 

ID. Time of taking effect. 
II. Different manners of becoming 
law. 

1. Qualifications. 

2. Term of service. 



98 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



V. State officers. 



Executive Powers. 
Legislative Powers. 
Judicial Powers. 
Appointing Power. 



VI. County officers. - 



1. Governor. 3. Powers. 

2. Lieutenant-Governor. 

3. Secretary of State. 

4. State Co7>iptroIIer. 

5. State Treasurer. 

6. Attorney-General. 

7. Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

8. Surveyor-General. 

9. Auditor-General. 

10. State Printer. 

11. State Librarian. 

1 . Necessity for counties. 

2. Corporations. 

3. Conwiissioners. 

4. Treasurer. 

5. Recorder. 

6. Sheriff. 

7. Coroner. 

8. District-Attorney. 

9. Surveyor. f l. 
10. Superintendent of j 2. 

Schools. 1 3. 



VII. Township officers. ^ 



f I. Chief officer. [4. Salary. 

2. Treasurer. 

3. Clerk. 

4. Constables. 

5. Supervisors. 

6. School Directors. 

7. Overseers of Poor. 

8. Assessors. 

9. Collectors. 

. Necessity for Incorporating. 



Qualifications. 
Manner of election. 
Length of term. 



VIII. Cities and towns. \ 2. Charter. 

[ 3. Officers. 
' I. Necessity for. 

2. Assessment. 

3. Exonerations. 

IX. Taxes. -' 4. Apportionment. 

5- 
6. 

.7. 



City. 



2. Boro'. 



Mayor. 

Aldermen. 

Councilmen. 

Police. 

Burgess. 

Councilmen. 

Minor officers. 



Imports. 
Customs, 



X. Education. 



Collection. 

Tax sales. ^ 

Indirect taxes. \ ^ 

1. Necessity for a system. 

2. Object of the system. 

3. Appropriation for schools. 

4. Districts for schools. 

5. Superintendent of schools. 

6. Common schools. 

7. Higher grades. 



GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE. 



99 



X. Education. 



Academies. 
9. Colleges. 



XI. Public 

TUTIONS. 



XII. Militia. • 



10. Normal schools 
f I . Asylums. 
I 2. Aims-Houses. 
INSTI- I 3. Hospitals. 

4. Prisons. 

5. Railroads. 
[ 6. Canals. 
Organization. 

2. How composed. 

3. Commanders. 

4. Training of. 

5. Volunteers. 



fi- 



Jails. 

Work-Houses. 

Penitentiaries. 



CHAPTER 



IV.— JUDICIAL AND EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS 
OF GOVERNMENT. 



I. Judicial. < 



I. Courts. 



9- 



10, Officers. 



2. Legal Pro- 
ceedings. 



1. Necessity for. 

2. Supreme. 

3. Circuit. 

4. Justices'. 

5. Probate. 

6. Chancery. 

7. Common Pleas. 

8. Quarter Sessions. 
Police. f I. Whom. 

2. Term. 

3. Salary. 
[ 4. How appointed 

1. Impeachment. 

2. Trial. 

3. Ordinary proceedings. 

4. Parties. 

5. Summons. 

6. Pleadings. 

7. Jury. 

8. Trial. 

9. Verdict. 

10. Judgment. 

11. Appeal. 

12. Execution. 



3. Criminal Proceedings. 



. 4. Other Proceedings. \ 



1. Against Property. 

2. Against Persons. 

1. Indictment. 

2. Arrest and Bail. 

3. Examination. 

4. Habeas Corpus. 

5. Trial. 

In Probate Courts. 

In Special Courts. 

In Equity Courts. 



(,4. In Argument Courts. 



lOO 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



II. Executive. 



fi. 



Execute the laws. 
Appoint Officers. 
Pardon Criminals. 



4. Commander-in-Chief. 



CHAPTER v.— UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, 



I. The Confed- 
eration. 



f I. The Continental Congress. 

2. Difficulties. 

3. Taxes. 

4. Duties. 

5. Discord among the States. , 

6. Convention to amend. \ ' 

7. Adoption of the Constitution. 



Of 1786. 
Of 1787. 



II. The Fed 
ERAL Gov-- 

ERNMENT. 



First Dz'vt'swn of Federal Govermnent — Legislative, 



1. Members. 

2. Qua 1 i fi c a- 
tions. 

I. House of 3. Number. 
Represen- -' 4. Apport i o n- 
tatives. ment. 

1. Preamble. 5. Salary. 

2. Division in- J 6. F r e e d o m 
to Houses. 1 [ from arrest. 

1. Character. 

2. Number of 
members. 

Consti- y 2. Senate. \ 3. Qualifications. 

tutioti. 1 4- Election. 

5. Term. 

6. Salary. 

1. Officers. 

2. Impeachment. 

3. Meetings. 

4. Rules. 

5. Liberty of speech. 

6. Bills. 

7. Veto. 

1 . Necessity for taxing. 

2. Manner of taxing. 

3. Object of taxing. 

4. Uniform system. 

5. Can borrow money. 
I. Nature of regulation. 

Regulation of ] 2. Protection. 
Cotmnerce. \ 3. Collection of Duties. 



3. Congress in gen 
eral. 



2. Powers to tax. 



4. Registry of Vessels. 



GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE. 



lOI 



II, The Fed 
ERAL Gov-- 

ERNMENT, 



Regulation 
Commerce. 



4- 



Powers relating 
to Peace. 



r 5. Clearance and Equity 
0/ j 6. Navigation Laws. 

7. Among the States. 

8. Among tiie Indians. 

1. To naturalize Aliens. 

2. To pass Bankrupt Laws. 

3. To coin Money. 

4. To regulate Weights and Meas 
ures. 

5. To establish Post-Offices. 
6. 



Powers relat- 
ing to War. 



6. Constitution a I 
Prohibitions. 



Authors. S '■ Copyrights. 

7. To establish courts. 

8. To punish Piracy. 

9. To punish offences against the 
laws of nations. 

10. Rights over the District of Co- 
lumbia. 
To declare war. 

To grant Letters of Marque, etc. 
Powers over captures. 
Powers to raise and maintain an 
Army and Navy. 
To call out the militia. 

1. As to Taxes. 

2. As to Commerce. 

3. Suspension of Ha- 
beas Corpus. 

4. Bills of Attainder. 

5. Ex post Facto laws. 

6. Titles of Nobility. 

7. Can't pay money un- 
less appropriated. 

8. Officers can't wear ti- 
tles of honor from for- 
eign nations. 

f I. As to Taxes. 

2. As to forming agree- 
I ments with other States 
I and nations. 

3. As to War. 

4. As to Money. 

5. As to Bills of Attain- 
der. 

6. As to Ex post Facto 
laws. 

7. As to impair contracts. 

8. As to titles of nobil- 
ity. 



On the 

United 
States. 



On the 
States. 



I02 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



Seco7id Division of Federal Governtnent — Executive, 



f I. Qualifications. 

2. Manner of election 

3. Length of term. 

4. Vacancy. 

5. Salary. 



I. The President. 



^ I. By Electors. 
\ 2. By the House. 



6. Powers. 



9- 
10. 



1. Commander-in-Chief. 

2. To grant Reprieves and Pardons. 

3. To form Treaties. 

4. To appoint Ministers. 

5. To appoint Consuls. 

6. To appoint Judges. 

7. To appoint other Officers. 

8. To fill Vacancies. 
To remove Officers. 
To convene Congress. 

11. To receive foreign Ministers. 

12. To execute the laws. 

13. To deliver an Annual Message. 

1. Secretary of State. 

2. Secretary of Treasury. 

3. Secretary of Interior. 
7. His Cabinet. \ 4. Secretary of War. 

5. Secretary of Navy. 

6. Attorney -General. 

7. Postmaster-General. 



Third Division of Federal Government — JudiciaL 

c- . M- Numb< 

I. Supreme, j ^^ j^^j^^j 



2. Circuit. 



I. Courts. •! 



Number. 

liction. 
Number. 
Jurisdiction. 

1. Number. 

2. Jurisdiction. 



II. Crimes. 



3. District. 

4.' Court of Claims ^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ 

5. fudges of Courts, j ^ g^j^^_ 

f I. Cases arising under Constitution and 

6. furisdictio n J Treaties. 

in general. | 2. Cases affecting Foreigners. 

[ 3. Cases between different States. 
' I. Treason. 

2. Punishment. 

3. Piracy. 

4. Perjury. 

5. Counterfeiting. 

6. Forgery. 

7. Mail robbery. 

8. Slave holding. 

9. Intimidating persons from exercising their Civil and Po- 
litical rights. 



GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE. 



103 



IV. Miscellaneous provisions 
OF THE Constitution. 



Privileges of Citizens. 
Pertaining- to Fugitive Criminals. 
Relating to new States. 



V. 



Supremacy of the national 
test oath. 



4. Relating to Territories. 

5. State Protection. 
LAW, oath of allegiance, and 



\ Art. I. Constitittioii- 
al Amendments. 



VI. Constitutio n a l 
amendments. 



C I. Freedom of Religion. 
) 2. Freedom of Speech. 
"j 3. Freedom of Press. 
Right of Petition. 



Art. II. Right to keep arms. 
Art. III. Quartermg of Soldiers. 
Art. IV. Search Warrants. 
Art. V. and VI. Criminal Proceedings. 
Art. VII. Trial by Jury. 
Art. VIII. Excessive punishment. 
Art. IX. Rights, of people, not ftamed. 
Art. X. Powers reserved to States. 
Art. XI. Suits against States. 
Art. XII. Election of President and Vice-Pres- 
ident. 
Art. XIII. Abolition of Slavery. 

' I. Apportionment of Representa- 
tives. 

2. Political Disabilities. 

3. Public Debt. 

4. Powers of Congress. 

5. Civil Rights. 

_ Art. X V. Right of stcffrage for freedmen. 



Art. XIV. 



CHAPTER VI.— PRINCIPLES OF LAW, 



First. Municipal Law. 



' I.Absolut e. 



I. Civil rights. 



2. Relative 



•U: 



II. Contract. 



I. Powers of persons to 
contract. 



Personal security. \ ^- blander. 
Personal liberty. < ^- ^'^^'• 
Private property. 

' I. Duties of Parents. 

2. Rights of Parents. 

3. Rights of Children. 

4. Apprentices. 

5. Master and Servant. 

6. Husband and Wife. 

1. Infancy. 

2. Lunacy. 
I 3. Married women. 
[ 4. Assent of parties. 



Public. 
Private. 



104 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



II. Contract. 



. Powers of persons to 
contract. 



2. Marriage Contract. 



III. Principal and agent. ^ 



f I- 

I ^' 

3- 

IV. Partnership. 4, 

5- 
6. 

7- 



V. Sale of property. 



VI. Fraudulent transfer. 



f 5. Consideration. 
I 6. Fraud and force. 
I 7. Imperishable Contracts. 
I 8. Illegal Contracts. 
9. Written Contracts. 

10. Limitations to Contracts. 

11. Remedies to Contracts. 

1. Relationship. 

2. Lunacy. 

3. Fraud. 

4. Force. 

5. Ceremony. 

6. Bigamy. 

7. Wife's property. 

8. Dower. 

9. Support. 
10. Divorce. 

1. Who is agent. 

2. Acts of agent. 

3. Wrongs of agent. 

4. Agent's duty to principal. 

5. Irresponsibility to third party. 

6. Commission Agent. 

7. Brokers. 
Acts of either partner. 
Secret Partners. 
Transfer of interest. 
Terms of partnership. 
Notice when dissolved. 
Limited Partnership. 
Rights of Partners. 

' I. There must be property. 

2. There must be an agreement. 

3. There must be a Delivery. 

4. There must be a Contract. 

5. Void without a Title. 

6. Title Warranted. 
\i. Gifts. 

2. Creditors' rights. 

3. Record of Mortgages. 

4. Transfer of propertv to Cfeditors. 
I . Use of Bills. 



fi- 



Promissory Notes. 
Bills of Exchange. 



VII. Bills AND NOTES. < 



Bills of Contract. 

Interest on notes. [ 
Time of payment. 
Days of grace. 



2. Acceptance. 

3. Checks. 

4. Drafts. 

5. Endorsement. 
Negotiable. 

Can't be transferred 
without consent, after 
maturity. 



7. Indorser liable. 



GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE. 



105 



VII. Bills and notes 



VIII. Services 



■i 

W. Of 

\ Kinds. 



8. Demand must be made. 

9. Indorser tnust be notified. 

J. . (I. Hotel keepers 
Various \ - - - -^ - 



IX. Insurance. 



X. Shipping. 



XI. Interest. 



Ordinary laborers. 
Common Carriers. 



Fire. ^ ^' 

Marine. 

Life. 

Several Policies. 

False representations. 

ti. Bill of lading. 
2. Goods destroyed to save balance. 
3. Salvage. 
4. Authority of ship-master. 
S I. Rate. 
\ 2. Usury. 



1. Responsible 
to Persons. 

2. Responsible 
for Property. 



XII. Real estate 



/^ee Simple. 
Estate for life. 
Contingent Estate. 
Leased Estates. 
Estates in trust. 



6. Deeds and Mortgages. 



7. Appurtenances. 



XIII. Landlord and tenant 



XIV. Wills. 



1. A Deed. 

2. A Mortgage. 

3. Delivery. 

4. Recording. 

5. Acknowledgment. 

6. Foreclosure. 

1. Rights over highway. 

2. Rights over streams. 

3. Rights of way. 

4. Rights of party walls. 

5. Forfeiture of rights. 

1. Lease. 

2. Rent. 

3. Distribution of property. 

4. Removal of tenant. 
\ 5. Sale of property. 

6. Repairs. 

7. Crops. 

8. Tenant may re-rent. 

9. Notice to yield up premises. 
Who can make them. 

Must be according to law. 

How revoked. 

Codicil. 

3 I. Personal. 
■ \ 2. Real Estate. 



XV. Distribution of property without wills. 



Second. CRIMINAL Law and Crimes. 



1. What constitutes a crime. 

2. Laws in different States. 

3. Capital punishment. 

4. Treason. 

5. Murder. 

6. Arson. 



7. Manslaughter. 

8. Burglary. 

9. Robbery. 

10. Larceny. 

11. Embezzlement. 

12. Forgery. 



io6 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



13. Perjury. 

14. Minor offences. 

15. Principals in crime. 



16. Accessories, 

17. Arrests. 

18. Punishments, 

Third. International Law. 



Sovereignty. 

Depetident on each other, 
Law of Nations. 
Origin of law. 



9. Rules of Peace. 



10. Rules for War. 



II. Rights and Duties of 
Belligerents. 



5. Enforcement of law. 

6. Arbitration. 

7. Treaties. 

8. Observance, how enforced. 
Jurisdiction. 
Relation to travellers. 
Relation to Criminals. 
Not to interfere with others* affairs. 
To protect the weaker. 
Not to make treaties to infringe on others' rights. 

7. Amhassadors. 

8. Consuls. 

9. Reprisals. 
10. Embargo. 

f I. Cause for war. 

2. Object. 

3. Arbitration. 

4. Treaties of Alliance. 

1. To cease intercourse. 

2. To notify strangers to leave. 

3. To use instruments of death. 

4. To rights, etc., of Prisoners. 

5. Must protect non-combatants. 

6. Duties, etc., relating to civil war. 

7. War at Sea. 

8. Regulations regarding privateering. 
Regulations relating to Prizes. 
Relating to time. 
Relating to the Treaty. 

Must remain Neutral. 



12. Rights and Duties of 
Neutrals. 



9- 
10. 
II. 
I. 

2. Must prevent Privateering. 

3. May continue to trade. 

4. Regarding Contraband. 

5. Must submit to search. 

6. Must regard the Blockade. 



SECTION XVIII. 

ARITHMETIC. 

CHAPTER I.— FUNDAMENTAL RULES, ETC. 



L Definition. 



n. Numbers. 



1. Problem. 

2. Solution. 

3. Explanation, 

4. Principle. 

5. Example. 

6. Analysis. 

7. Rule. 

8. Unit. 

9. Number. 
10. Figure. 

1. Concrete. 

2. Abstract. 

3. Prime. 

4. Cofnposz'te. 

5. Integers. 

6. Fractions. 

Mixed. 

Similar. 

Dissimilar, 

Simple. 

Compound. 



12. Denominate. 



in. Notation and 

NUMERATION. 



2. 

3- 

4- 
5- 



j I. Simple. 

I2. 



Compound. 
Write by Words. 
Write by Figures. 
Write by Letters. 
Order of Units. 



Value. 



IV. Roman 

TATION. 



NO- 



6. Period. 

7. Principles. 

8. Rule. 



Characters. 

Letters. 

Principles. 



Ten units of any order make 
one of the next higher. 

2. Removing a figure one place to 
the left, increases its value. 
J 3. Removing a figure one place to 
the right diminishes its value. 

\. The name and value of a figure 
depends upon the place it occupies. 

j. The absence of a figure or fig- 
ures is denoted by ciphers. 

1. Repeating a letter repeats its value. 

2. A letter placed before one of great- 
er value, their difference is required. 

3. A letter placed after one of greater 
value, their sum is required. 



io8 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



IV. Roman 

TATION. 



NO- 



V. Addition. 



( 4-. A letter between two of greater 
I value, the difference between it and 
3. Principles. \ their sum is required. 

I 5. A Dash over a letter increases the 
[ value one thousand fold. 
3 I. Addends. 
( 2. Sum. 
S I. When the sum is less than Ten. 
■ \ 2. When the sum is greater than Ten. 

' I. Only similar numbers can be added. 

2. Only units of like orders can be added. 

3. The sum is equal to all the parts. 

4. The sum diminished by one or more 
parts is equal to all the other parts. 

f I. Addition (Plus). 

4. Signs. ^ 2. Equality. 

5. Rule. ( 3. Dollars. 



1 . Terms. 

2. Cases. 



3. Principles. 



16. 



2. Cases. < 



VI. Subtraction. 



3. Principles. 



VII. Multiplication.' 



Proof. i I. Minuend. 

' I. Terms. < 2. Subtrahend. 

( 3. r^ifference or Remainder. 
When all the figures in the Minuend 
are greater than the corresponding fig- 
ures in the Subtrahend. 
When one or more figures of the Min- 
uend are less than the corresponding 
figures in the Subtrahend. 
I I. Only similar numbers can be 
subtracted. 

2. Only units of like orders can be 
subtracted. 

3. Subtraction is the reverse of Addi- 
tion. 

4. The Minuend equals the Subtra- 
hend Plus the Remainder. 

5. The Subtrahend equals the Minu- 
end Minus the Remainder. 

6. The Remainder equals the Minn- 
ie end Minus the Subtrahend. 
Of Subtraction (Minus). 
Of Equality. 
Of Dollars. 
The Parenthesis. 
The Vinculum. 

I. Multiplicand. 

1. Terms. \ 2. Multiplier. 
3. Product. 

When the Multiplier contains one 
figure. 
When the Multiplier contains more 

2. Cases. \ than one figure. 

3. To multiply by factors. 

4. When the Multiplier has ciphers to 
the right. 



4. Signs. 

5. Rule. 

6. Proof. 



ARITHMETIC. 



109 



3. Principles. 



VII. Multiplication.-' 



4. Signs. 

5. Rule. 
16. Proof. 

I. 



I . Terms. 



2. Cases. ' 



VIII. Division. -' 



_ 3. Principles 



1. The Multiplicand may be either 
a Concrete or an Abstract 
Number. 

2. The Multiplier is always an 
abstract number. 

3. The Product is like the Multi- 
plicand. 

4. The Product is numerically the 
same in whichever order the 
terms are multiplied. 

5. Multiplication is a concise 
method of Addition. 

6. The Multiplicand equals the 
Product divided by the Multi- 
plier. 

7. The Multiplier equals the Pro- 
duct divided by the Multipli- 
cand. 

8. The Product equals the Mul- 
tiplicand into the Multiplier. 

1. Of Multiplication. 

2. Of Equality. 

3. Of Dollars. 

4. The Parenthesis. 

5. The Vinculum. 
Dividend. 
Divisor. 
Quotient. 
Remainder. 

To Divide when the divisor contains only 
one figure (Short Division). 

2. To Divide when the divisor contains more 
than one figure (Long Division). 

3. To Divide into equal parts. 

4. To Divide by factors. 

5. To Divide when there are ciphers to the 
right of the divisor. 

1. Division is a concise method of Sub- 
traction. 

2. Division is the reverse of Multiplica- 
tion. 

3. The Dividend and Divisor must be 
similar or abstract numbers. 

4. The Quotient is an abstract number. 

5. The Remainder is like the true Divi- 
dend. 

6. The Dividend equals the Divisor into 
the Quotient plus the Remainder. 

7. The Divisor equals the Dividend 
minus the Remainder divided by the 
Quotient. 

8. The Quotient equals the Dividend 
divided by the Divisor. 



no 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



VIII. Division. 



9, Increase the Divisor diminishes the 
Quotient. 
10. Diminish the Divisor increases the 
[ Quotient, 
f I. Of Division. 

12. Of Equality. 
3. Of Dollars. 
4. Parenthesis. 
5. Vinculum. 



3. Principles. 



4- 



CHAPTER II.— DECIMAL FRACTIONS. 



I. Decimal 

FRACTIONS. 



Point. 
- I. Terms. \ 2. Tenths. 

Hundredths, etc. 
Pure. 
Mixed. 
2. Kinds. \ 3. Complex. 

4. Circulating. 
Pure Repetend. 

1. Changing the Point toward the right 
multiplies the Decimal. 

2. Changing the Point towards the left 
divides the Decimal. 

3. Placing a cipher between the Point and 
Decimal divides the Decimal. 

4. The Point always belongs between the 
Decimal and the Integer. 

5. Ciphers to the right of a Decimal do not 
affect the value. 

1. Decimals to common fractions. 

2. Common fractions to Decimals. 
I. Point. 



15- 



3. Principles. < 



4. Reduction. 



5. Addition. 



6. Snbtractioti. 



U; 



7. Multiplication. 



Place. 
Rule. 

Point. 

Rule. 

1. Point. 

2. Rule. 



8. Division. 



U: 



Principles. 
Rules. 



. When the Dividend and 
Divisor are alike, the Quo- 
tient is a whole number. 

. The Dividend must con- 
tain as many decimal places 
as the Divisor. 

. When the Divisor is a 
whole number, the Quo- 
tient is like the Dividend. 

. The Quotient must con- 
tain as many decimal places 
as those in the Dividend 
exceed those in the Divisor. 



ARITHMETIC. 



Ill 



I. Decimal 

FRACTIONS 



.1 



9. Circulates. 



1. A common fraction to a Circulate. 

2. A pure Circulate to a common fraction. 

3. A mixed Circulate to a common fraction. 



CHAPTER III.— UNITED STATES MONEY. 



I. Addition. 

II. Subtraction. 

III. Multiplication. 

IV. Division. 

V. Reduction. 

VI. Rules. 



VII. Bills. 



I. 


Of Addition. 


2. 


Of Subtraction. 


3- 


Of Multiplication. 


4- 


Of Division. 




I. Bill. 


n^« 


J 2. Account, 


et 


'''"• 1 3. Debtor. 




4. Creditor. 



I. Factoring.- 



I. Principles. 



J3 



CHAPTER IV.— PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS. 



' I. Every number is equal to the product 
of its prime factors. 

Every number is divisible by its prime 
factors or some product of them. 
Every number is divisible only by its 
prime factors or some product of them. 
Any number ending in o, 2, 4, 6 or 8, 
is divisible by 2. 

Any number ending in o or 5 is divisi- 
ble by 5. 
To find the prime factors. 
To find the several factors or divisors. 
To find the equal factors. 

i I. Common Divisor. 

\ 2. Greatest Common Divisor. 

( 3. Greatest Common Measure. 

1. First Method. 

2. Second Method. 
The product of all the com- 
mon prime factors of two or 
more numbers is the Greatest 
Common Divisor. 

A Common Divisor of two or 
more numbers is a Divisor of 
their sum, and also of their dif- 
ference. 



Cases. 
Rule. 



II. Common divisor. 



5- 



I. 

2. 
3- 

I . Terms 



2. Cases. 



Principles. 
Rule. 



112 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



r I. Terms. 



2. Cases. 



III. Common multiple. 



3. Principles. < 
1 4. Rule. 



IV. Cancellation. 



\ I. Principles. 
) 2. Rtile. 



1. A Multiple. 

2. A Common Multiple. 

3. Least Common Multiple. 
First Method. 

Second Method. 

' I. A Multiple of a number 
must contain all the prime 
factors of that number. 

2. A Common Multiple of two 
or more numbers, must con- 
tain all the prime factors of 
each of them. 

3. The Least Common Multi- 
ple of two or more numbers 
must contain all the prime 
factors of each of them, and 
no other factor. 

Cancelling a factor in any num- 
ber divides the number by that 
factor. 

Cancelling- a factor in both Divi- 
dend and Divisor of a quantity 
does not alter the value. 



I. Terms 



CHAPTER V. 
I. Numerator. 



-FRACTIONS. 



■ \ 2. Denommator. 
Simple (I) 



I. 

2. Compound (i of 

3. Proper (f). 

II Kinds <! 4- Improper (|). 
11. KINDS. <; ^ j^j^g^ ^2|). 

6. Complex f 

^ 7. Reciprocal (i -f- by the number), 

C I. Multiplying the Numerator by any number, multiplies 
the value. 

2. Dividing the Numerator by any number, divides the 
value. 

3. Multiplying the Denominator by any number, divides 
the value. 

4. Dividing the Denominator by any number, multiplies 
the value. 

5. Multiplying both terms by the same number, does not 
change the value. 

6. Dividing both terms by the same number does not 
alter the value. 

Numbers to Fractions. 
Fractions to Numbers. 



III. Principles. < 



IV. Reduction 



U: 



ARITHMETIC. 



113 



3. Compound to Simple. 

4. To higher terms. 

5. To lower terms. 
IV. Reduction. \ 6. Dissimilar to Similar. 

7. The Greatest Common Divisor of Fractions. 

8. The Least Common Multiple of Fractions. 

9. Rules for these cases. 
Addition. — Rule. 



V. 
VI 



Subtraction. — Rule. 



VII. Multiplication. 



I . Casi?s 



Principles. 
Rules. 



VIII. Division. 



I. Cases, 



Principles. 
Rules. 



IX. Relations of num- 
bers AND fractions. 



2. 

3- 

4. 



1 . A Fraction by a whole Number. 

2. A whole Number by a Fraction. 

3. A Fraction by a Fraction. 
I . A Fraction is multiplied by 

multiplying its Numerator, 
j 2. A Fraction is multiplied by 
[ dividing its Denominator. 

A Fraction by a whole Number. 

A whole Number by a Fraction. 

A Fraction by a Fraction. 

{I. A Fraction is divided when its Nu- 
merator is divided. 
2. A Fraction is divided when its De- 
nominator is multiplied. 
The relation of a Number to a Fraction. 
The relation of a Fraction to a Number. 
The relation of a Number to a Number. 
The relation of a Fraction to a Fraction. 



CHAPTER VI.— DENOMINATE NUMBERS. 



I. Simple. 

II. Compound. 

III. Measures. 



I. Value. 



1. Of Value. 

2. Weight. 

3. Length. 

4. Surface. 

5. Volume. 

6. Time. 

7. Angles and Circular ; and, First, Value, see below. 

1. Coin. 

2. Paper Money. 

3. Currency. 



' I. Money. 

4. Mint. 

5. Bullion 
2, United States Money. 



3. Sterling Money. 



4. French Money. 



1. Table. 

2. Denominations. 

3. Symbols. 
{ I. Table. 

< 2. Denominations. 
( 3. Symbols. 

1. Table. 

2. Denominations. 

3. Symbols. 



114 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



I. Value, 



German Money. 
' I. Name. 

2. Use. 

3. Unit of measure 
I . Troy. \ 4. Caret. 

5. Table. 

6. Denominations. 

7. Symbols. 
' I. Use. 



1. Table. 

2. Denominations. 

3. Symbols. 



II, Weight. - 



2. Apothecaries . • 



3. Avoirdupois. 



.4. Miscellaneous. 



III. Miscellaneous weights. 



IV. Length, i. Long Measure. 



2. Unit of measure. 

3. Table. 

4. Denominations. 

5. Symbols. 

6. Apothecaries' Fluid. 

1. Name. 

2. U.se. 

3. Unit of measure. 

4. Table. 

5. Denominations. 
[6. Symbols. 

f I. Cental. 

2. Cask. 

3. Quintal. 

4. Barrel of Flour. 

5. Barrel of Salt. 

6. Barrel of Pork. 

1. Of Wheat (60). 

2. Of Oats (32). 

3- Rye (56). 

4. Buckwheat (52). 

5. Potatoes (60). 

6. Beans {60). 

7. Clover Seed (60). 

8. Timothy Seed (45). 

9. Flax Seed (56). 

10. Barley (48). 

11. Corn in ear (70). 

12. Corn shelled (56). 

13. Salt (56). 

14. Bituminous Coal (70). 

15. Onions (57). 

16. Dried Apples (24). 

17. Dried Peaches (33). 

18. Hemp Seed (44). 

1. A Line. 

2. An Angle. 

3. A Right Angle. 

4. Its use. 

5. Unit of measure. 

6. Table. 

7. Denominations. 

8. Symbols. 



ARITHMETIC. 



115 



IV. Length. 



2. Cloth Measure, 



1^ 



3. Surveyors' Long. 



.4, Miscellaneous. 



V. Surface. i. Square Measure.- 



VI. Volume and 

CAPACITY. 



Use. 
Divisions. 

1. Use. 

2. Unit of measuBC. 

3. Table. 

4. Denominations. 

5. Symbols. 

1. Fathoms. 

2. Cables' length. 

3. League. 

4. Hand. 

5. Cubit. 

6. Palm. 

7. Pace, 
r I. Rectangle. 

2. Square. 

3. Area. 
Use. 

Unit of measure. 
Table. 

Denominations. 
Symbols. 
Surveyors' Square. 

' I. Use. 

2. Cube. 

3. Contents. 

4. Units of measure. 

5. Table. 

6. Denominations. 

7. Symbols. 

8. Cord. 
_ 9. Cord feet. 

1. Use. 

2. Unit of measure. 

3. Table. 
2. Dry Measure. \ 4. Denominations. 

5. Symbols. 

6. Cubic inches j i. Heaped 
in Bushel. \ 2. Stroked 

' I. Use. 

2. Unit of measure. 

3. Table. 

4. Denominations. 

5. Symbols. 

6. Cubic inches in gallon. 



4- 
5- 
6. 

7- 
8. 

l9- 



I . Cubic Measure. < 



bu. 
bu. 



3. Liquid Measure 



VII. Time. 



1. Use. 

2. Unit of measure. 

3. Table. 

\ 4. Denominations. 

5. Symbols. 

I 6. Seasons. 

[ 7. Names of months. 



ii6 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



VIII. Angular or circular. 



IX. Miscellaneous. 



IV. Reduction. 



U: 



r I. Counting. 



Paper. 



, 3. Books. 



Ascending. 
Descending. 
Ride. 
Cases. 



1. Use. C I. Right. 

2. A?igles. ■< 2. Acute. 

3. Circle. ( 3. Obtuse. 

4. Circumference. 

5. Diameter, 

6. Trt^^A-. 

7. Denominations. 

8. Symbols. 

{ I. Dozen. 

2. Gross. 

3. Great Gross. 

4. Pair. 

5. Set. 

6. Score. 

1. Quire. 

2. Ream. 

3. Bundle. 

4. Bale. 

1. Folio. 

2. Quarto. 

3. Octavo. 

4. Duodecimo. 

5. i8mo. 

6. 24mo. 

7. 32mo. 

1. A Denominate Number to a De- 
nominate Fraction. 

2. A Denominate Fraction to a De- 
nominate Number. 

3. To find what part one is of an- 
other. 



V. Addition. — Rule.'' 

VI. Subtraction. — Rule. 

VII. Multiplication. — Rule. 

1. Divide into parts. 

2. One compound number by another. 

,^ T „ \ I. To find the difference in time. 

IX. Longitude and time. 



VIII. Division. 



i^; 



X, Denominate 

FRACTIONS. 



I. Common. 



2. Decimals. 



■\ 



To find the difference in longitude. 

1. A Fraction to a Fraction of a lower 
denomination. 

2. A Fraction to an integer of a lower 
denomination. 

3. A Fraction to a Fraction of a higher 
denomination. 

4. A compound number to a Fraction. 

1. A Decimal to a Denominate Number. 

2. A Compound Number to a Decimal. 



m 



ARITHMETIC. 



117 



CHAPTER VII.— RATIO. 

1. Antecedent. 

2. Consequent. 

3. Couplet. 

4. Ratio. 
Simple. 

2. Compound. 

f I. A Ratio equals the Quotient of the Antecedent di- 
I vided by the Consequent. 
Ill Principles ■' ^" ^^^ Antecedent equals the product of the Conse- 
quent by the Ratio. 
3. The Consequent equals the quotient of the Antece- 
dent divided by the Ratio. 



I. Terms. 



II. Kinds 



'■\l: 



I. Simple. 

II. Compound. 

III. Principles. 



CHAPTER VIII.— PROPORTION. 

1st The product of the means equals the product of the 
extremes. 

2d. Either extreme equals the product of the means di- 
vided by the other extreme. 

3,^. Either mean equals the product of the extremes di- 
vided by the other mean. 

4M. The fourth term equals the third divided by the 
ratio of the first to the second. 

5//^. The first term equals the second multiplied by the 
ratio of the third to the fourth. 

6M. The product of the simple ratios of the first couplet 
in a compound proportion, equals the product of the 
simple ratios of the second couplet. 

7/^. The product of all the terms in the extremes of a 
compound proportion, equals the product of all the 
terms in the means. 

8//z. Any term in either extreme in a compound propor- 
tion, equals the product of the means divided by the 
product of the other terms in the extremes. 

gi/t. Any term in either mean in a compound propor- 
tion, equals the product of the extremes divided by 
the product of the other terms in the means. 



I. Terms. 



CHAPTER IX.— PERCENTAGE. 

' r. Base. 

2. Rate. 

3. Percentage. 

4. Am't Ci Sifference. 



ii8 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



II. 



Cases, -i "' 



III. 
IV. 



Principles 
Rules. 



V. Applications 

— AND 



I. Gain or loss 



II. Stocks and 
dividends. 



3- 



III. Premium and 
discount. 



The Base and Rate given to find the Percentage. 
The Percentage and Rate given to find the Base. 
The Base and Percentage given to find the Rate. 
The resulting number and Rate given to find the Base. 
I I. The Percentage equals the Base multiplied by the 
Rate, divided by loo. 

The Rate equals the Percentage divided by the Base, 
multiplied by loo. 

The Base equals the Percentage divided by the Rate, 
multiplied by loo. 
4. The Base equals the amount divided by one (i) plus 

the rate, or by (i) minus the Rate multiplied by 100. 
f I. Gain and Loss. 

2. Stocks and Dividends. 

3. Premium and Discount. 

4. Commission and Brokerage. 

5. Insurance. 

6. Simple Interest. 

7. Compound Interest. 

8. True Discount. 

9. Banking. 

10. Taxes. 

11. Custom House business. 

12. Direct Exchange. 

13. Circular Exchange. 

1. Capital and Rate given to find the gain or loss. 

2. The Rate and gain or loss given to find the Base. 

3. The Base and gain or loss given to find the Rate. 
[4. Rules. 1' I. A Company. 

2. Corporation. 

3. Stock. 

4. Dividend. 

5. Assessment. 

Stock and Rate given to find the Dividend. 
Rate and Dividend given to find Stock. 
Stock and Dividend given to find Rate. 

' I. Capital. 

2. Money. 

3. Stocks. 

4. Drafts and Checks. 

5. Bills of Exchange. 

6. Par Value. 

7. Real Value. 

8. Premium. 

9. Discount. 
i^ The Par Value and Rate to find the 

Premium or Discount. 

2. The Premium or Discount to find the 
Par Value. 

3. The Par Value and Real Value or Dis- 
count to find the Rate. 

4. The Real Value or Face and Rate to 
find the Premium or Discount. 



I. Terms. 



Cases. 
Rules. 



I . Terms. ■> 



Cases. 
Rules. 



ARITHMETIC. 



119 



I . Terms. 



IV. Commission 

BROKERAGE. 



2. Cases. 

3. Rules. 



[ I. Terms. 



V. Insurance. -I 



2. Cases. 

3. Rule. 



VI. Simple interest. • 



( I. Agent or Factor. 
^ 2. Brokerage. 
( 3. A Broker. 

1. The Base and Rate to find Com- 
mission. 

2. The Commission or Brokerage, 
and Base, to find Rate. 

3. The Commission or Brokerage and 
Rate to find the Base or Cost. 

4. The Rate and Cost, or Base, to 
find Commission or Brokerage. 

1. Insurance. 

2. Policy. 

3. Premium. 

1. Value and Rate given to find Premium. 

2. Value and Premium to find Rate. 

3. Rate and Premium to find Value. 
' I. Interest. 

2. Rate. 

3. Principal. 

4. Time. 

5. Amount. 

6. Legal interest. 
' I. Principal, Rate and Time, to find 

Interest, or Amount. 

Principal, Rate and Interest, to find 
Time. 

Principal, Time and Interest, to 
find Rate. 

Time, Rate and Interest, to find 
Principal. [ i. Promissory Note. 
Judgment Note. 



I. Terms. 



1. Cases. 
3. Rules. 



VII, Compound 



VIII. True discount 



1.4. Interest 

interest. — Rules. 

I. 

2. 

3- 



on Notes, 



Drawer. 

Payee. 

Endorser. 

Indorsements. 

Rules. 



IX. Banking. 



I. Terms. 



3- 



Cases. 
Rule. 



X. Taxes. 



Property. 

Poll. 

Rule. 



XI. Custom house business. 



Discount. 
Present Worth. 
Rules. 

1. Proceeds. 

2. Discount. 

3. Bank Discount. 

4. Days of Grace. 

1. The face of a note. Rate and Time, to find 
the Discount and Proceeds. 

2. Proceeds, Rate and Time, to find face. 
' I. Duties. 

2. Customs. 

3. Ad Valorem Duty. 

4. Specific Duty. 

5. Draft. 

6. Tare. ' 

7. Gross Weight. 

8. Rule. 



I20 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



XII. Direct ex- 
change. 



1. Terms. i. Bills of Exchange. 

2. Inland Exchange. 

3. Foreign Exchange. 



4. Cases. \ 
I 5. Rules. < 
XIII. Circular exchange. — Rule 
I. Simple. 



1. Draft. 

2. Notes. 

3. Checks. 

4. Sight Bill. 

5. Time Bill. 

6. Indorsement. 

7. Acceptance. 



To find the cost of a Bill at sight. 
The cost of a Bill given to find face. 



XIV. Partnership. 



XV. Equation of 
payments. 



XVI. Settlement of accounts 



2. Compound. 

3. Rules. 

Average tunc of payment. 
Equated time of paymetit. 

f I. When terms of credit begin at the same 

time. 
I 2. When the debt has received partial 
payments, to find time for payment of 
the remainder. 

When credit begins at different times. 
To average accounts of both debt and 
credit. 

C I. Current accounts. 
-! 2. Settling or clearing. 
(3. Rule. 



3. Cases. 
1 4. Rule. 



CHAPTER X.— ALLIGATION. 



I. Alligation medial. 

II. Alligation alternate. 



III. 
IV. 



Cases. 
Rule. 



Given the mean value and value of each, to find the pro- 
portion of each. 

2. Given the mean value, the value of each, and quantity of 
one, to tind the others. 

3. Given the mean value, the value of each, and the entire 
quantity, to find quantity of each. 



CHAPTER XL— PROGRESSION. 



I. Arithmetical. 



1. First Term. 

2. Last Term. 

3. Common difference. 

4. Number of terms. 

5. Sum of terms. 



ARITHMETIC. 



121 





' I. 


First Term. 




2. 


Last Term. 


II. Geometrical. • 


3- 


Number of terms 


III. Rule. 


4- 


Ratio. 




s. 


Sum of terms. 


IV. Infinite series. 





I. Involution. 



CHAPTER XII.— INVOLUTION AND EVOLUTION. 

( I. Power, 
f I. Terms. \ 2. Degree. 

3. Exponent. 

1. The square of a number contains 
twice as many figures as tiie number, 
or twice as many less one. 

2. The cube of a number contains three 
times as many figures as the number, 
or three times less one or two. 

3. The square of a number of tens and 
units equals the square of the tens, 
plus twice the tens into the units, plus 
the square of the units. 

4. The square of a number of hundreds, 
tens and units, equals the square of the 
hundreds, plus two times the hundreds 
into the tens, plus the square of the 
tens, plus two times the sum of the 
hundreds and tens into the units, plus 
the square of the units. 

_ 2. Priticiples. \ 5. The cube of a number of tens and 
units equals the cube of the tens, 
plus three times the square of the tens 
into the units, plus three times the 
tens into the square of the units, plus 
the cube of the units. 
6. The cube of a number of hundreds, 
tens and units, equals the cube of the 
hundreds, plus three times the square 
of the hundreds into the tens, plus 
three times the hundreds into the 
square of the tens, plus the cube of 
the tens, plus three times the square 
of the sum of the hundreds and tens 
into the units, plus three times the 
sum of the hundreds and tens into 
the square of the units, plus the cube 
of the units. 

1. Square Root. 

2. Cube Root. 

3. Fourth Root. 

4. Sign. 



II. Evolution. i. Terms. 



122 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



II. Evolution. 



4. Applica- 
tions of 
Square Root. 



2. Analytic method of Sqiiare Root. 

3. Rule. [ I. The square of the 

hypotenuse equals 
the sum of the 
squares of the oth- 

Ri g h t-a n- er two sides. 
gled Trian- -{ 2. The square of ei- 
gle. ther side equals the 

square of the hy- 
potenuse dimin- 
ished by the square 
of the other side. 
, The areas of circles 
are as the squares of 
their Diame t er s, 
Radii, or Circum- 
ferences. 
Similar sur- J2. The areas of 
faces. squares, similar 

Rectangles, and Tri- 
angles, are to each 
other as the squares 
of their like dimen- 
I sions. 
Analytic method of Cube Root. — Rule. 

' I. Similar volumes are to each oth- 
er as the cubes of their like dimen- 
sions. 
2. The like dimensions of similar 
volumes are to each other as the 
cube roots of the volumes. 
7. Geometrical method of Cube Root. 



Applications of 
Cube Root. 



CHAPTER XIII.— ANNUITIES AND MENSURATION. 



I. Annuities. 



II. Mensuration 



1. To find the amount at Simple Interest. 

2. To find the amount at Compound Interest. 

3. To find the present value at Simple Interest. 

4. To find the present value at Compound Interest. 
' I. Angle. 

2. Right Angle. 

3. Acute Angle. 

4. Obtuse Angle. 
I. Terms. \ C i. Base. 

5. Triangle. < 2. Altitude. 

6. Polygon. ( 3. Hypotenuse. 

7. Scalene. 

8. Isosceles. 

SThe Area of a Triangle is equal to 
the Base multiplied by one-half the 
Altitude. 



ARITHMETIC. 



123 



II. Mensuration. 3. Quadrilateral. 



Parallelogram. 
Trapezoid. 
Trapezium. 
Principles (see below) 



Rectangle. 
Square. 
Rhomboid. 
Rhombus. 



1. The area of a Parallelogram equals the Base multiplied by the Altitude. 

2. The area of a Trapezoid equals the Altitude multiplied by one-half the sum 
of the Parallel sides. 

3. The area of a Trapezium equals the sum of the areas of the two triangles 
into which it may be divided. 

f I. The area of a circle equals the Square of the Radius 
by 3-1416. 

The Circumference of a circle equals the Diameter 
multiplied by 3.1416. 

The Diameter of a circle is equal to the Product of 
the Circumference by .3183. 
III. The circle. \ 4. The side of any square that can be inscribed in 
a circle, equals the Product of the Diameter by 
.7017106 or the Product of the Circumference by 
.225079. 

The area of an ellipse equals the Product of one-half 
the two axes together, and that Product multiplied by 
3.1416. 

1. The convex surface of a prism equals the 
Perimeter of the Base multiplied by the 
Altitude. 

2. The contents of a Prism equals the Prod- 
uct of the area of the Base by the Alti- 
tude. 

f I. The convex surface of a Pyramid equals 
I the Product of the Perimeter of the Base 
by one-half the slant height. 
The contents of a Pyramid equals the 
Product of the area of Base by one-third 
of the Altitude. 

The surface of -a Cylinder equals the 
Product of the Circumference of the 
Base by the Altitude. 
The contents of a Cylinder equals the 
Product of the area of the Base by the 
Altitude. 
. The surface of a Cone equals the Product 
of the Circumference of Base by one-half 
the slant height. 
2. The contents of a Cone equals the Product 
of the area of the Base by one-third of Alti- 
tude. 



IV. Volumes. 



5- 



I. Prism. • 



2. Pyramid. \ 



3. Cylinder. 



4. Cone. 



I 



Frustrum of a 
Pyramid and 
Cone. 



I 



The convex surface of the Frustrum 
of a Pyramid and Cone equals the 
sum of the Perimeters of the two 
Bases, multiplied by one-half the 
slant height. 



124 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



IV. Volumes. 



i 5. Fricstrum of a 
) Pyra m id and 
I Cone. 



V. The sphere. 



' 2. The contents of a Frustrum is 
equal to the Square Root of the 
product of the two Bases, plus the 
sum of the Bases, multiplied by one- 
third of the Altitude. 
r I. The surface of a sphere equals the square of the 
Radius multiplied by 4 and that Product by 3. 14 16. 
The contents of a sphere equals the cube of the Di- 
ameter multiplied by .5236. 

The size of any cube which may be cut from a 
sphere equals the square root extracted from the 
Quotient of the Square of the Diameter divided by 3. 



SECTION XIX. 



ALGEBRA. 



CHAPTER I.— DEFINITIONS, ETC 



[. Quantity. 

II. Coefficient. 

III. Exponent. 

IV. Power. 

V. Root. 



VI. Equation. 



VII. Monomial. 

VIII. Polynomial. 

IX. Binomial. 

X. Trinomial. 

XI. Residual. 

XII. Homogeneous 

XIII. Reciprocal. 
I 



1. Measure. 

2. Currency. 

3. Length. 

4. Surface. 

5. Volume. 

6. Weight. 

7. Time. 

8. Angular measure. 

9. Known Quantity. 

0. Unknown Quantity. 

1. Literal. 

[ 12. Numeral. 
S I. First member. 
I 2. Second member. 



XIV. Terms. ^ 



XV. Signs. 



Positive. 

2. Negative. 

3. Similar. 

4. Dissimilar. 

5. Degree. 

1. Addition. 

2. Subtraction. 

3. Multiplication. 

4. Division. 

5. Equality. 

6. Inequality. 



\l 



Horizontal. 
Vertical. 



XVI. Axioms. 



Radical. 
Parenthesis. 
Vinctdum. 
Brackets. 

1. The same quantity added to equals, their sum will be 
equal. 

2. The same quantity subtracted from equals, their dif- 
ference will be equal. 



126 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



XVI. Axioms. 



3. If quantities be multiplied by the same number, their 
product will be equal. 

4. If equals be divided by the same quantity, their quo- 
tients will be equal. 

5. If the same quantity be both added to and subtracted 
from a quantity, their value will not be changed. 

6. If a quantity be both multiplied and divided by the 
same number, the value will be the same. 

7. Quantities equal to any other quantity, are equal to 
each other. 

8. Like powers of equal quantities are equal. 

9. Like roots of equal quantities are equal. 

10. The whole of any quantity is equal to all of its parts. 

11. The whole of any quantity is more thin any of its 
parts. 



CHAPTER II. -ENTIRE QUANTITIES. 



{'■ 



L Addition. < 



Cases. 



Si. 

u. 



Pri7iciples. 

Sign. 

Rule. 

[ I. Cases. 



II. Subtraction. \ 



Principles. { 
Sign 



Rule. 



I . Cases. 



III. Multiplication. 



Similar Terms. 

Polynomials. 

f I. Only similar term-s can be added. 

< 2. The sum of all the parts equals the 

( whole. 

I I. Only similar quantities can be sub- 

} tracted. 

( 2. Polynomials. 

1. The same number added to both 
Minuend and Subtrahend, does not 
change the value. 

2. The same number subtracted from 
both, does not change the value. 

3. The Minuend equals the Subtra- 
hend plus the Remainder. 

The Subtrahend equals the Minu- 
end minus the Remainder. 

1. When both factors are Monomials. 

2. When one factor is a Polynomial. 

3. When both factors are Polyno- 
mials. 

4. To square a Binomial. 

5. To find the Product of the sum 
and difference of two quantities. 

1. Both factors multiplied by the 
same does not change the 
Product. 

2. Both divided by the same does 
not change it. 

3. The same quantity added to, 
or subtracted from both, does 
not change the Product. 



I 



2. Principles. 



ALGEBRA. 



127 



III. Multiplication. 



2. Principles. 

3. Sign. 

4. Rules. 



IV. Division. 



I . Cases. 



4. Multiplying the Multiplier by 
a quantity multiplies the Prod- 
uct by that quantity. 

5. Dividing the Multiplicand by a 
quantity divides the Product by 
that quantity. 

6. The Multiplicand equals the 
Multiplier divided into the Prod- 
uct. 

7. The Multiplier equals the 
Product divided by the Multi- 
plicand. 

8. The Product is of the same 
[ quantity as the Multiplicand. 

1. When both terms are Monomials. 

2. When one term is a Monomial. 

3. When both terms are Polynomials. 

4. When one term is a Polynomial. 
f I. Multiplying the Dividend multiplies the 

Quotient. 

2. Multiplying the Divisor divides the 
Quotient. 

3. Dividing the Divisor multiplies the 
Quotient. 

4. Multiplying and dividing both Dividend 
and Divisor does not change the Quo- 
tient. 

5. The Dividend equals the Divisor into 
the Quotient plus the Remamder. 

6. The Divisor equals the Dividend di- 
vided by the Quotient. 

7. The Quotient is of the same quantity as 
the Dividend. 

8. The Remamder is of the same quantity 
as the Dividend. 

V. Formulas : 

\st Formula. — The square of the sum of any two quantities is equal to 

the square of first, plus twice the first multiplied by the second, plus 

the square of the second. 
2d Formula. — The square of the difference between any two quantities, 

is equal to the square of first, minus twice the Product of the second 

by the first, plus the square of the second. 
2,d Formula. — The sum of two quantities multiplied by their difference, 

equals the difference of their squares. 
^Ih Formula. — The sum of the squares of any two quantities, plus 

twice their Product, is divisible by their sum. 
^th Forjnula. — The sum of the squares of any two quantities, minus 

twice their Product, is divisible by the difference o-f the quantities. 

{I. Monomials. 
2. Polynomials. 
3. Trinomials. 
4. Binomials. 



2. Principles. ■ 

3. Sig-n. 

4. Pules. 



128 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



VII. Common divisor. 



VIII. Multiple. 



I . Cases 



2. Principle. 

3. Rule. 



Cases. 



i^: 



2. Principles. < 

3. Rule. 



1. Common Divisor. 

2. Greatest Common Divisor. 
( Tiie Greatest Common Divisor of 
j two or more quantities, is the 

Product of all their common 
prime factors. 
Multiples, Common. 
Multiples, Least Common. 
' I. The Common Multiple of two or 
more quantities, is the Product of all 
their prime factors. 
2. The Least Common Multiple of two 
or more quantities is the Product of 
all their prime factors, and no other. 



CHAPTER III.— FRACTIONS. 



II. Sign. 



Ill 



1^: 



IV 



C I. Denominator. 
I. Terms. } 2. Numerator. 
3. Fraction. 
Apparent. 
2. Real. 

i I. Mixed Quantity. 
Kinds, j 2. Simple. 

( 3. Complex. 
Principles of Fractions: 
isl Principle. — Any change in the Numerator produces a similar 

change in value. 
2d Principle. — Any change in the Denominator produces an opposite 

change in value. 
3(^ Principle. — Changing the sign of the Numerator, changes the real 

sign of the fraction. 
4/// Principle. — Changing the sign of both Denominator and Numera- 
tor, does not alter the real sign. 
^th Principle. — Changing the apparent sign changes the real sign. 

V. Transformation : 

\st Transformation. — To reduce an entire quantity to a fractional form. 

id Transformation. — To reduce a Fraction to its lowest terms. 

3(/ Transformatioti. — To reduce a Fraction to a Mixed Quantity. 

\th Transformation. — To reduce a Mixed Quantity to a fractional form. 

5///: Transformation. — To reduce Fractions to a Least Common De- 
nominator. 

6tk Transformation. — To reduce Fractions of different Denominators 
to similar Fractions. 

VI. Addition. 

VII. Subtraction. i i. An entire quantity by a Fraction. 

VIII. Multiplication. -^ 2. A Fraction by an entire quantity. 

( 3. A Fraction by a Fraction, 
f I. A Fraction by an entire quantity. 

IX. Division. } 2. J\.n entire quantitv by a Fraction. 

( 3. A Fraction by a Fraction. 



ALGEBRA. 



129 



X. Rules. 



C I . For Transformation. 

2. For Addition. 

3. For Subtraction. 

4. For Multiplication. 

5. For Division. 



CHAPTER IV.— EQUATIONS. 



I. Terms, 



1. First term. 

2. Second term. 

3. Arithmetical. 



II. Kinds of equations. 



1. Arithmetical equation. 

2. Algebraic equation. 

3. Numeral equation. 

4. Literal equation. 

5. Identical equation. 

6. Simple equation. 

7. Quadratic equation. 

8. Cube. C I. First equation. 

9. Degree. } 2. Second equation. 
3. Third equation. 



III. Transformation. 



Clearing of fractions, 
Transposing. 
Solving equations. 



IV. Problems in equations. 

V. 
VI, 



S I. Statement. , 
\ 2. Solution. \ ' 
Axioms (see Axioms on pp. 125, 126, ante), i ^' 
Equations of two or ^ [ ^• 



more unknown quanti- } I. Elimination 
ties. 
VII. Rules. 



1. Clear of fractions. 

2. Transpose. 

3. Unite the terms. 

4. Divide, 

5. Verify. 
Translate. 
Solve. 
By Substitution. 

2. By Comparison. 

3. By Addition. 

4. By Subtraction. 



CHAPTER v.— POWERS AND ROOTS. 



I. Powers. 



I . Terms. 



1. Power. 

2. Square. 

3. Cube. 

4. Perfect power 

5. Imperfect. 
^ 6. Involution. 

2. Powers of Monomials. 

3. Powers of Fractions. 

4. Powers of Binomials. 



1. The number of terms. 

2. The Sign of terms. 

3. The Exponents of the letters. 

4. The Coefficients of the Terms, 

5. The Law of Coefficients (see 
below) : 



I30 Treasury of facts. 

The Coefficient of any term may be obtained by multiplying the Coeffi- 
cient of the preceding term by the Exponent of the leading quantity 
in that term, or by the number of the term from the last, and by the 
Coefficient of the following quantity in the root, and dividing this 
result by the product of the Coefficient of the leading quantity in the 
root, multiplied by the number of term from the first. 
( I. Evolution. 

™ 2. Root. 

j-i. Terms. .^_ j^^^^_ 

j I 4. Surd. 

I 2. Roots of Monomials. 
II. Roots. ■( j. Roots of Polynomials. 

4. Squari' Root. 

5. Cube Root. 
-6. Principles. 



VI. Rules for radicals. 



(See any text book 
for Rules.) 



CHAPTER VI.— RADICALS. 

^ I. To its simplest form. 
J. Reduction. ■< 2. A Rational to a Radical. 

( 3. Of different degrees to a common Radical Index. 

II. Addition of radicals. 

III. Subtraction of radicals. . q, , 

IV. MULTIPLICATION OF RADICALS. ] \ Qf SSrent^degrees. 

V. DIVISION OF RADICALS. | ^^ §[ ^rem^degree. 

1. For Reduction. 

2. For Additiott. 

3. For Subtraction. 

4. For Multplication. 

5. F'or Division. 
VII. Principles of Involution and Evolution: 

\st Principle of Involution. — If a radical quantity be involved to a 
power corresponding to the Radical Index, the Radical sign will be 
removed. 

id Principle of hivolution. — If a quantity containing both radical and 
rational terms be raised to any power, the Radical sign will remain. 

j^d Principle of Involutiofi. — If a quantity consisting of two radical 
terms of the second degree be squared, the result will contain but a 
single radical term. 

\st Principle of Evolution. — The Exponent of a quantity will be re- 
moved by extracting the root whose index corresponds to the Expo- 
nent. 

7,d Principle of Evolution. — The root of a Binomial is necessarily a 
Surd, and a Binomial always becomes a Radical by Evolution. 

3^ Principle of Evolution. — A Trinomial is a perfect square when two 
of its terms are perfect squares and Positive, and the remaining term 
is twice the product of the square roots of the others, and either Pos- 
itive or Negative. 

VIII. Equations containing radical quantities. 

IX. Rules for equations in radicals. 



ALGEBRA. 



131 



CHAPTER VII.— QUADRATICS AND PROGRESSION. 
First. — Quadratics. 



I. Terms. 



I. 

2. 
3- 
II. Problems. 



Pure. 

Affected. 

Roots. 



In pure. 
Ill affected. 



3 I. First method. 
\ 2. Second method. 

1. Complete the square. 

2. Extract the root. 

3. Transpose. 

4. Unite the terms. 

5. Extract the root. 
V. Factoring Trinomials. 



III. Equations. 

IV. Polynomials. 



I. Arithmetical. 



II. Geometrical. - 



7- 



Second. — PROGRESSION. 



Extremes. 
Means. 
Terms. 
Cases. 



II: 



5. Applications 



To find the last term. 

To find the sum of the series. 

1. First term. 

2. Common difference. 

3. Number of terms. 

4. Last term. 

5. Sum of terms. 

6. Formulas. 

7. Problems. 

8. Rule. 



1. Ascending. 

2. Descending 

A Cases ^ ^- 'r° ^"^ ^^^ '^^^ t^^'" 



I. 

^ 2. To find the sum of the Series. 
Infinite Series. 
Geojnetrical means. 
I. 



Applications. 

Problems. 

Rule. 



First term. 
Ratio. 

Number of terms. 
Last term. 
Sum of terms. 



SECTION XX. 

GEOMETRY. 

CHAPTER I.— TERMS USED AND LANGUAGE OF GEOMETRY. 



1. Lines and angles 



1. Magnitude. 

2. Point. 

3. Line. 

4. Surface. 

5. Plane. 

6. Volume. 



7. Angles. 



I. Polygon. 



1. Scalene. 

2. Equilateral. 

3. Right angle. 

4. Acute angle. 

5. Obtuse angle. 

6. Isosceles an- 
gle. 



II. Plane FIGURES. 



III. Axioms. 



1. Straight. 

2. Curved. 

3. Crooked. 

4. Parallel. 

5. Horizontal. 

6. Vertical. 

7. Oblique. 

1. Plane. 

2. Adjacent. 

3. Right angle. 

4. Acute angle. 

5. Obtuse angle. 

6. Triangle. 

7. Interior angle. 

8. Exterior angle. 

1. Quadrilateral. 

2. Pentagon. 

3. Hexagon. 
\ 4. Heptagon. 

5. Octagon. 

6. Nonagon. 

7. Decagon. 
i I. Trapezium. 

2. Quadrilateral. < 2. Trapezoid. 

( 3. Parallelogram. 
( I. Square. 

2. Rhomboid. 

3. Rhombus. 

1. Circumference. 

2. Diameter. 

3. Radius. 

1. Things which equal the same things, equal each other. 

2. Equals added to equals, the sum will be equal. 

3. Equals subtracted from equals, the Remainder will be 
equal. 

4. Equals added to unequals, the sum will be unequal. 

5. Equals subtracted from unequals, the Remainder will be 
unequal. 

6. If equals be multiplied by equals the Product will be 
equal. 



3. Rectangle. 



{_ \*_Circle. 



GEOMETRY. 1 33 

( 7. If equals be divided by equals the Quotient will be equal. 

III. Axioms. ■< 8. The whole is greater than any of its parts. 

( 9. The whole is equal to all of its parts. 

IV. Corollary. 

V. Scholium. 

VI. Problems. 

VII. Postulate. 

VIII. Hypothesis. 

IX. Theorems, and — 

I. 0/ Angles. 

\st. When any straight line meets another, the sum of the two adjacent 

angles equals two right angles. 
2d. When two straight lines intersect each other, the opposite, or verti- 
cal angles, are equal. 
3^. Two angles which have their sides respectively parallel, and lying 

in the same direction, or in opposite directions, are equal. 
\th. If two triangles have two sides, and the included angle of the one 

equal to two sides and the included angle of the other, each to each, 

the triangles will be equal in all their parts. 
tjth. If two triangles have two angles, and the included side of the one 

equal to two angles and the included side of the other, each to each, 

the triangles will be equal in all their parts. 
6th. If two triangles have two sides of the one equal to two sides of 

the other, each to each, and the included angles are equal, the third 

side will be greater in the triangle, having the greater included angle. 
7//z. If two triangles have the three sides of the one equal to the three 

sides of the other, each to each, the triangles will be equal in all their 

parts. 
%th. In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite the equal sides are 

equal. 
9///. If two angles of a triangle are equal, the sides opposite them are 

also equal, and the triangle is isosceles. 
loth. In any triangle the greater side is opposite the greater angle, and 

conversely, the greater angle is opposite the greater side. 
wth. In every triangle the sum of the three angles is equal to two 

right angles. 

2. Of Quadrilaterals. 

1st. In any parallelogram the opposite sides and angles are equal, each 

to each. 
2d. If the opposite sides of a quadrilateral are equal, each to each, the 

equal sides are parallel, and the figure is a parallelogram. 
^d. If two sides of a quadrilateral are equal and parallel, the figure is a 

parallelogram. 
4//?. The diagonals of parallelograms bisect each other, and the sum of 

their squares is equivalent to the sum of the squares of the four sides 

of the parallelogram. 

3. Of Polygons. 
1st. Similar polygons may be divided into the same number of trian- 



134 TREASURY OF FACTS. f, 

gles ; and to each triangle in one of the polygons there will be a cor- 
responding triangle in the other polygon. These triangles are simi- 
lar and similarly situated. 

2d. The perimeter of similar polygons are to one another as their homol- 
ogous sides ; and their areas to one another as the squares of their 
homologous sides. 

3^. If the sides of a convex polygon be produced so as to form one ex- 
terior angle at each vertex, the sum of the exterior angles will be 
equal to four right angles. 

4. Of Proportion. 

\st. If four quantities are in proportion, they will be in proportion by 
alteration. 

2d. If four quantities be in proportion, the product of the means will 
equal the product of the extremes. 

3^. Magnitudes which are proportional to the same proportionals, are 
proportional to each other. 

d^h. If the product of two magnitudes equals the product of two other 
magnitudes, two of them may be made the means, and two the ex- 
tremes of a proportion. 

5M. If four quantities are proportional, the sum of the first and second 
is to their difference as the sum of the third and fourth is to their dif- 
ference. 

6///. The product of the corresponding terms of two proportions are 
proportional. 

']th. If four quantities are proportional, we can multiply the antece- 
dents or consequents, or divide them by the same quantity, and the 
results will be proportional. 

%th. If three quantities are in proportion, the first is to the third as the 
square of the first is to the square of the second. 

5. Squares on Lines. 

\st. The square described on the sum of any two lines, is equal to the 
sum of the squares described on the lines, plus twice the rectangle of 
the lines. 

2d. The square described on the difference of two lines, is equal to the 
sum of the squares described on the two lines, diminished by twice 
the rectangle contained by the lines. 

3</. The difference of the squares described on any two lines, is equal 
to the rectangle contained by the sum and difference of the lines. 

4///. The square described on the hypotenuse of any right-angled tri- 
angle, is equal to the sum of the squares described on the other two 
sides. 

5///. In any obtuse-angled triangle, the square of the side opposite the 
obtuse angle is equivalent to the sum of the squares of the other twO' 
sides, plus twice the product of the base into the distance from the 
vertex of the obtuse angle to the foot of the perpendicular drawn 
from the vertex of the opposite angle to the base produced. 

6th. In any triangle, the squares on a side opposite an acute angle is 
less than the sum of the squares on the other two sides, by twice the 



GEOMETRY. 1 35 

rectangle contained by either of these sides, and the distance from 
the vertex of the acute angle to the foot of the perpendicular let fall 
on this side, or side produced, from the vertex of the opposite angle. 

6. Of Similar Triangles. 

1st. Triangles which have their corresponding sides proportional are 
similar. 

2d. If any triangle have its sides respectively proportional to the like 
sides of any other triangle, each to each, then the two triangles will 
be equiangular and similar. 

2)d. Two triangles having an angle in one equal to an angle in the 
other, and the sides about these equal angles proportional, are equi- 
angular and similar. 

jfik. Triangles which have their sides parallel, each to each, or perpen- 
dicular, each to each, are similar. 

7. Of the Circle. 

1st. Equal angles at the centre of a circle are subtended by equal 

chords. 
2d. Any radius which is perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord, and 

also the arc subtended by the chord. 
2)d. A circumference may be made to pass through three points which 

are not in the same line. 
j^th. In equal circles, equal chords are equally distant from the centre. 
^th. Parallel lines intercept equal arcs on the same circumference. 
6th. If two circles touch each other, either internally or externally, the 

two centres and the point of contact will be on the same line. 

8. Of Measurement of Angles, 

\st. An angle having its vertex at the centre of a circle, is measured by 
the arc included between its sides. 

■2d. An angle formed by a secant and a tangent, is measured by one- 
half of the difference of the intercepted arcs. 

2,d. An angle formed by two chords which intersect, is measured by 
half the sum of the included arcs. 

4//^. When two chords intersect each other in a circle, the rectangle 
contained by the segments of the one, will be equal to the rectangle 
contained by the segments of the other. 

^th. If two secants intersect each other at right angles, the sum of their 
squares, increased by the sum of the squares of the two segments 
without the circle, will be equal to the square of the diameter of the 
circle. 

6th. The sums of the opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a 
circle are equal. 

9. Of the Circumference and Area of Circles. 

1st. The circumference of circles are as their radii, and their areas as 
the squares of the radii. 



136 TREASURY OF FACTS. 

2d. The area of any circle is equal to the product of its radius by one- 
half of its circumference. 

3</. The areas of any two circles are to each other as the squares of 
their diameters. 

4//^ When the radius of a circle is unity, its area and circumference 
are numerically equal. 

10, Of Planes and their Angles. 

\st. If two Planes meet each other, their common points will be found 

in, and form one straight line. 
2d. If a straight line is perpendicular to two straight lines of a plane at 

the point of their intersection, it is perpendicular to the plane of those 

lines. 
3^. If two straight lines are perpendicular to the same plane, they will 

be perpendicular to each other. 
Afth. The line which joins any point of a perpendicular to a plane, with 

a point in which a line in the plane is intersected, at right angles, by 

a line through the foot of the perpendicular, will be at right angles to 

the line in the plane. 
^th. If a plane meet two parallel planes, the lines of intersection are 

parallel. 
fith. If two straight lines be drawn in any direction through parallel 

planes, the planes will cut the lines proportionately. 
Tth. Either of the three plane angles which form a triedral angle, is less 

than the sum of the other two. 
Zth. The sum of the plane angles forming any polyedral angle, is less 

than four right angles. 
f^th. If two solid angles are formed by three plane angles respectively 

equal to each other, the planes which contain the equal angles will be 

equally inclined to each other. 

i\. Of Solids. 

\st. The convex surface of a right prism is equal to the perimeter of 

the base multiplied by the altitude. 
id. If three plane faces bounding a solid angle of one prism, be equal 

to the three plane faces bounding a solid angle of another, each to 

each, and similarly disposed, the prisms will be equal. 
3^. The opposite faces of a parallelopipedon are equal and parallel. 
\th. Two parallelopipedons having equal bases and equal altitudes are 

equal. 
tfth. The volume of any parallelopipedon, and in general any prism, is 

measured by the product of its base and altitude, or the product of 

its three dimensions. 
6th. Similar triangular prisms are to each other as the cubes of their 

like dimensions. 
"jth. The two triangular prisms into which any parallelopipedon is di- 
vided, by a plane passing through its opposite diagonal edges, are 

equal. 
8//z. The volume of any prism is measured by the product of the area 

of its base and altitude. 



GEOMETRY. 1 37 

12. Of the Pyramid, Cylinder, Cone, etc. 

\st. The convex surface of a right pyramid is equal to the perimeter of 
the base multipHed by one-half the slant height. 

2d. If two triangular pyramids have equivalent bases, and equal alti- 
tudes, they are equal in volume. 

3^. The volume of any pyramid is measured by one-third of the prod- 
uct of its base and altitude. 

4/^. The volume of a frustrum of a triangular pyramid is equal to the 
sum of the volumes of three pyramids, whose common altitude is the 
altitude of the frustrum, and whose bases are the lower base of the 
frustrum, the upper base of the frustrum, and a mean proportional 
between two bases. 

5//;. The volume of a cylinder is equal to the area of its base multiplied 
by its altitude. 

^th. The convex surface of a cylinder is equal to the circumference of 
its base multiplied by its altitude. 

'jth. The volume of a cone is measured by the area of its base multi- 
plied by one-third of its altitude. 

%th. The convex surface of a frustrum of a cone is equal to one-half of 
the sum of the circumferences of the upper and lower bases, multiplied 
by the slant height. 

^th. The volume of the frustrum of a cone is equivalent to the sum of 
the volumes of three cones, having for their common altitude the 
altitude of the frustrum, and for their several bases the bases of the 
frustrum and a mean proportional between them. 

\oth. The surface of a sphere is measured by the circumference of one 
of its great circles multiplied by its diameter. 

wth. If a regular semi-polygon be revolved about its axis, the surface 
generated by the semi-perimeter, will be equal to the circumference 
of the inscribed circle multiplied by the axis. 

\2th. The volume of a sphere is to the volume of the circumscribed 
cylinder, as the surface of the sphere is to the surface of the cylinder. 

13^//. The volume of a sphere is equal to its surface multiplied by one- 
third of its radius. 

13. Of Spherical Geometry. 

1st. Any side of a spherical triangle is less than the sum of the other two. 

2d. Any side of a spherical polygon is less than the sum of the other 
two. 

■^d. The sum of the sides of a spherical polygon is less than the circum- 
ference of a great circle. 

^h. If from the vertices of the angles of a spherical triangle, as poles, 
arcs be described forming a spherical triangle, the vertices of the an- 
gle of the second triangle will be respectively poles of the sides of 
the first. 

^th. The sum of the angles of a spherical triangle is less than six right 
angles and greater than two. 

6th. If two triangles on the same, or on equal spheres, are mutually 
equiangular, they are also equilateral. 

yth. If two circumferences of great circles intersect on the surface of a 
hemisphere, the sum of either two of the opposite triangles thus 



138 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



I. Triangle. 



II. Parallelogram. 



III. Trapezoii 



V. Polygons. 



formed is equal to a line whose angle is equal to that formed by the 
circles. 
%th. The area of a spherical polygon is equal to its spherical excess 
multiplied by the tri-rectangular triangle. 

14. Mensuration. 

' I. The area of a triangle equals the base multiplied by 
one-half the altitude ; or, 
2. The square root extracted from the continued product 
of the differences between each side, and the one-half of 
the sum of the sides, multiplied by the half sum of the 
sides. 

S The area of a parallelogram is equal to the product 
\ of the base by the altitude, 
j The area of a trapezoid is equal to the product of the 
■ \ altitude by one-half the sum of the parallel sides. 
\ The area of a trapezium is equal to the sum of the 
IV. Trapezium. \ areas of the two triangles into which it may be di- 
( vided. 
' I. The area of regular polygons is equal to the product 
of one-half the perimeter multiplied by the perpendicu- 
lar let fall from the centre on one of the sides. 
2. The area of irregular polygons is equal to the sum of 
the areas of the triangles into which the polygon may 
be divided. 

1. The area of a circle equals the diameter multiplied by 
3.1416. 

2. The length of an arc equals the number of degrees mul- 
tiplied by the radius, and this product by .01745. 

3. The area of a circle is equal to the circumference multi- 
plied by one-fourth of the diameter, or the square of the 
diameter multiplied by .7854. 

4. The area of a sector is equal to the arc multiplied by 
one-half the radius. 

5. The area of a circular ring is equal to difference of the 
squares of the radii multiplied by 3.1416. 

6. The side of an inscribed square is equal to the diameter 
multiplied by .7071, or, the circumference multiplied by 
2251. 
The area of an ellipse is equal to the product of half of 

the two axes, multiplied by 3.1416. 
The convex surface of a right prism is equal to the prod- 
uct of the perimeter of the base by the altitude. 
The entire surface equals the convex surface plus the 
bases. 

, The contents of a prism equals the area of the base mul- 
tiplied by the altitude. 

' I. The convex surface of a right pyramid is equal to the 
perimeter of the base_^multiplied by one-half the slant 
IX. Pyramid. \ height. 

The contents of a pyramid equals the base multiplied 
by one-third the altitude. 



VI. Circle. ■ 



VII. Ellipse 



VIII. Prism. <! 



■\ 



GEOMETRY. 



139 



X. Cylinder, 



XI. Cone 



XII, The frustrum. ■ 



The convex surface of a cylinder equals the circumfer- 
ence of the base multiplied by the altitude, 
j 2. The contents of a cylinder equals the area of the base 
I multiplied by the altitude. 

The surface of a cone equals the circumference of the base 
into one-half of the slant height. 

The contents of a cone equals the area of the base into 
one-third of the altitude. 

The surface of the frustrum of a pyramid or 
cone equals the sum of the circumferences of 
the two bases, multiplied by one-half the slant 
height. 

The contents of the frustrum of a pyramid or 
cone, equals the square root of the product of 
the two bases, plus the sum of the two bases, 
and this multiplied by one-third of the altitude 
I of the frustrum. 
The surface of a sphere equals the circumference mul- 
tiplied by the diameter, or. 

The square of the radius multiplied by 4 and 3.1416. 
The surface of a zone equals the height of the zone 
multiplied by the circumference of a great circle of the 
sphere. 

The contents of a sphere equals the surface multiplied 
by one-third of the radius, or. 
The cube of the diameter multiplied by ^ of 3.1416. 

f The surface of a cylindrical ring equals the 
CYLINDRICAL RINGS. thickness of the ring plus the inner diam- 

eter, multiplied by the thickness of the 
ring, and this multiplied by 9.8696. 



XIII, Sphere, 



XIV, 



SECTION XXI. 

TRIGONOMETRY. 



r. Plane Trigonometry. 

2. Solution. 

3. Quadrant. 

4. Complement. 

5. Supplement. 

I. Terms. -> 6. Sine. 

7. Cosine. 

8. Tangent. 

9. Cotangent. 

10. Secant. 

11. Cosecant. 
' I. The sine of an arc equals the sine of its supplement, 

and also the cosine of an arc equals the cosine of its 
supplement. 

2. The tangent and cotangent of an arc are respectively 

II. Principles. ^ equal to the tangent and cotangent of the supplement 
of the arc. 

3. The secant and cosecant of an arc are respectively 
equal to the secant and cosecant of the supplement 
of the arc. 

1. The sum of the sines of any two arcs is to the dif- 
ference of the same sines, as the tangent of one-half 
the sum of the same arcs is to the tangent of one-half 
of their difference. 

2. In any plane triangle, the sides are proportional to 
the sines of the opposite angles. 

3. In any plane triangle, if a line is drawn from the ver- 
tical angle perpendicular to the base, then the whole 
base will be to the sum of the other two sides as the 
difference of those sides is to the difference of the 
segments of the base. 

4. The hypotenuse is to either side, as the radius is to 
the sine of the angle opposite to that side. 

5. One side of a right-angle triangle is to the other side, 
as the radius is to the tangent of the angle adjacent 
to the first side. 

6. One side of a right-angle triangle is to the hypote- 
nuse, as the radius is to the secant of the angle adja- 
cent to that side, 

I. Any two sides of a spherical trian- 
IV. Spherical trigonometry. ^ gle are together greater than the 

third side. 



III. Theorems. < 



TRIGONOMETRY. 



141 



IV. Spherical triGonoimetry. 



V. Oblique-angled, 



VI. Practical principles 



2. The sum of the three sides of any 
spherical triangle, is less than the 
circumference of a great circle. 

3. In any right-angled spherical tri- 
angle, the sine of one side is to the 
tangent of the other side, as the ra- 
dius is to the tangent of the angle 
adjacent to the first mentioned side. 

4. In any right-angled spherical tri- 
angle, the sine of the right angle is 
to the sine of the hypotenuse, as 
the sine of either of the other an- 
gles is to the sine of side opposite 
to that angle. 

1. In all spherical triangles, the sines of the sides 
are to each other as the sines of the angles op- 
posite to them. 

2. If from any angle of a spherical triangle, a 
perpendicular be let fall on the base, or on the 
base produced, the tangents of the segments 
of the base will be reciprocally proportional to 
the cotangents of the segments of the angle. 

3. The same construction remaining, the sines of 
the segments of the base are to each other as 
the cotangents of the adjacent angles. 

4. The cosine of any of the angles of a spherical 
triangle, is equal to the product of the sines of 
the other two angles multiplied by the cosine 
of the included side, minus the product of the 
cosines of these other two angles. 

The sine c^ the sides of spherical trian- 
gles are proportional to the sines of 
their opposite angles. 

The sines of the segments of the base, 
made by a perpendicular from the op- 
posite angle, are proportional to the co- 
tangents of their adjacent angles. 

The cosines of the angles at the base 
are proportional to the sines of the cor- 
responding segments of the vertical an- 
gle. 

The cosines of the segments of the ver- 
tical angle are proportional to the co- 
tangents of the adjoining sides of the 
triangle. 



SECTION XXII. 

ASTRONOMY. 



CHAPTER I.— DEFINITIONS, ETC, 



I. Terms. < 



1. Extension 

2. Lme. 

3. Point. 

4. Surface. 

5. Circle. 

6. Plane. 

7. Tangent. 

8. Semicircle. 

9. Angle. 

10. Parallels. 

11. Ellipse. 

12. .^;ir/j. 

13. Eccentricity 

14. Sphere. 



'.15. Spheroid. \ '" 



Great, 
Small. 
Poles. 



II. The heavenly bodies 

III. The sun. 



IV. The planets. 



1. Straight. 

2. Curved. 
f I. Diameter. 

2. Circumference. 

3. Radius. 
(.4. Arc. 

1. Angle of vision. 

2. Right Angle. 

3. Acute Angle. 

4. Obtuse Angle. 

5. Triangle. 

1. Diameter. 

2. Hemisphere. 

3. Radius. ( i. 

4. Circle. \ 2. 
Oblate. ( 3. 
Prolate. 

' I. Apparent motions. 

2. Primary Planets. 

3. Secondary Planets. 

4. Stars. 

5. Comets. 

6. Luminous. 

7. Opaque. 
' I. Mercury. 

2. Venus. 

3. Earth. 

4. Mars. 

5. Jupiter. 

6. Saturn. 

7. Uranus. 
^ 8. Neptune. 

\ I. Asteroids. 
\ 2. Planetoids. 



I. Primary. 



2. Minor Planets. 

3. Satellites. , 

4. Revolution. X 

f'nti ' 



5. Perihelion. 

6. Aphelioti. 

7. Ascending nodes. 

(. 8. Descending nodes. 



Centrifugal. 
Centripetal. 



ASTRONOMY, 



143 



IV. The planets. -i 



9- 
10. 
II. 
12. 
13- 



Distance from sun. 

Time to make revolution. 

Velocity. ^j_ Conjunction.];- 
j 2. Quadrature. ^ 
I 3. Opposition. 
l_4. Elongation. 



Axis. 
Aspect. 



Inferior. 
Superior. 



CHAPTER II.— PLANETS IN THEIR ORDER. 

r, , S \. North. 
' ^- P'^''- \ 2. South. 

2. Latitude. — Parallels. 

3. Longitude. — Meridians. 

3- 



I. The earth. - 



4. Horizon. 



Sensible. 
The Dip. 
Rational. 
Poles. 



U: 



II. The sun. 



Zenith. 
Nadir. 
r-- 7 r J- i I. Diurnal. 

5. Circles of motion. J ^_ Nocturnal. 

6. Circles of perpetual apparition. 

7. Circles of perpetual occtdtation. 

8. Parallax. [ i . Ecliptic or Equinoctial. 



9. Refraction. 

10. Apparent motions of the \ 
Sun and Stars from earth 



2. Obliquity of Ecliptic. 

3. Vernal Equinox. 

4. Autumnal. 

5. Right ascension. 

6. Signs of Ecliptic. 

^ 7. Zodiac. 

r T- • \ I. Of Cancer. 

I. Tropics, j ^_ Qf ^^p^j^^^^_ 



1 1 . Day and night. • 



Polar circles. 

Twilight. 

Dawn. 



U: 



Arctic. 
Antarctic. 



12. Seasons. 



Cause. 
Names. 



Spring. 
Summer. 
Autumn. 
Winter. 



C I. Frigid. 

13. Zones. < 2. Temperate. 

( 3. Torrid. 

14. Shape and size. 

( I. Solar day. 
2. Mean solar day. 

15. Time. ' 3. Equation of time. 

4. Sidereal year. 

5. Tropical year. 

1. Distance from earth (95,000,000 miles). 

2. Apparent diameter (852,900 miles). 

3. Figure (sphere). 



144 



II. The sun. 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 

rA The spots I ^- Appearance. 
r4. ine spots. ^ 2. Variability. 
J 5. Rotation (25I days). 



. 6 



III. The moon. 



Revolution. 
Zodiacal light. 

1. Perigee. 

2. Apogee. 

3. Diameter (2162 miles). 

4. Phases. 

5. Sy7iodical period (29* days). 

6. Harvest moon. 

7. 77/^ Polar regions. 

8. Moonlight in winter. 

9. Rotation (27^ days). 

10. Ltaiar orbit. 

1 1. Librations of moon. 

12. Position of Lunar axis. 

13. Lunar mountains. 

14. Irregular motion. 

■ S. &^>.... { ■; sol- 

16. Shadow. 



1. Copernicus. 

2. Height of mountains. 



1 7. Tides. 



IV. Mercury. ■ 



1. Length (228,000 miles). 

2. Breadth (128 miles). 
Flood. 

^ 2. Ebb. 
Diameter (3000 miles). 
Rotation (24 hours). 
Revolution. \ '• ^'d^''^^' (88_days). 



1^: 



V. Venus, < 



^ 2. Synodic (116 days). 

4. Elongation (28^°). 

5. Light and heat. 

6. Seasons. , 

7. Transits. \ 



' I. Phases. 

2. Diameter (7510). 

3. Moutttaifis. 

4. Rotation (23 hours) 

5. Revolution 

6. Seasons. 

7. Transits. 
~ 8. Apparent motion. 

1 . Phases. 

2. Apparent rnotions. 

3. Iticlination. 

VI. Mars. -I 4- Diameter (4300 OTz7^.y) 



Limits. 

Time of occurrence. 



i I. Sidereal (224! days). 
( 2. Synodic (584^ days). 



VII. 



5. Rotation (24I hours). 

6. Revolution. \ '■ l'^^'^^^ ^^87 days). 

7. 5«/^////^^. < 2- Synodic (780 days), 
r I. Diameter (85,000). 

Jupiter -^ 2. Rotation (10 hours nearly). 

{2,. Revolution. 3 i- Sidereal (4332 days). 
-* ( 2. Synodic (399 days). 



ASTRONOMY. 



I4S 



VII. Jupiter. 



4- 
5- 
6. 

7- 



VIII. Saturn. ■» 



IX. Uranus. 



X. Neptune. 



1. 2300 miles. 

2. 2070 miles. 

3. 3400 miles. 

4. 2900 miles. 



3. Revolution. 

4- 
5- 



Belts. 
Rmgs. 



Oblateness (5000). 

Velocity (5000 miles in minute). 

^/^/■„., S I- Their Number. 
Satellites, j ^^ ^^^^^ Diameters. 

Inclination. 
Rotation (io| hours). 

1. Sidereal (10,759 days, or, 29I years). 

2. Synodical (378 days). 
Diameter (74,000). 
Oblateness (7800). 

' I. Interior. 

2. Anterior. 

3. Rotation. 

4. Stability. 

5. Appearance, 
f I. Mimas. 

2. Enceladus. 

3. Tethys. 

4. Dione. 

5. Rhea. 

6. Titan. 

7. Hyperion. 
(^ 8. Japetus. 

1. Eccentricity (82,000,000 miles). 

2. Inclinatiofi (46^')- 

3. Diameter (33,247). 

4. Rotation {unknown). 

1. Sidereal (30,687 days). 

2. Synodic (369.65 days), 

1. Ariel. 

2. Umbriel. 

3. Titania. 

4. Oberon. 
Eccentricity (24,000,000 miles). 
Iticlination (if°). 
Diameter (37,000). 

Revolution \ '• Sidereal (60,127 days). 
A-^^/^r^^;?. J 2. Synodic (367^ days). 



8. Satellites. 



5, Revolution. 
.6. Satellites. 



Satellites. 



CHAPTER III.— MINOR PLANETS, COMETS, ETC. 



I. Minor planets. - 



1. Average distance from sun (260,000,000). 

2. Inclination of their orbits. 

3. Eccentricity. 

4. Largest (Pallas). 

5. Brightest (Vest or). 

6. Faintest (Atalanta). 

7. Their natural attraction. 

8. Affected motions. 

9. Their masses. 



146 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



II. Comets. 



1. Parabolas. 

2. Hyperbolas. 

3. Elements. 

4. Elliptic comets. 

5. The number {From, 4000 to 5000). 

6. Their size. 

7. Masses and densities. 



8, Tails. 



Remarkab I e 
Co7nets. 



III. Meteors 

AND STARS. 



IV. Nebula. • 



I. Meteors. 



f I. Of 1680 (Tail 120,000,000 miles). 

2. Halley's Comet. 

3. Lexell's Comet. 

4. Comet of 1774 (six tails). 

5. Biela's Comet. 

6. Comet of 181 1 (Tail 25° long and 6* 
wide). 

Donati's Comet. 

Comet of 1 86 1 (Tail 100° long). 

Meteoric epochs. 

Fire Balls. 



7. 

8. 

\ I. 

Annual Parallax. 



2. Magnitudes. 

3. Constellations. 

4. Star names. 

5. Star figures. 

6. Apparent places 
2. Stars. -, 7, Solar Nutation. 

8. Aberration. 

9. Galaxy. 

10. Proper motion of stars 

11. Multiple stars. 

^' } 2. Periods. 

13. Constitution of stars. 

14. Variable stars. 

15. Clusters. 

1. Distance. 

2. Elliptic. 

3. Annular. 

4. Spiral. 

5. Planetary. 

6. Stellar. 

7. Nebulous. 

8. Irregular Nebula. 

9. Double Nebula. 
ID. Variable Nebula. 



1. Sirius. 

2. Regulus. 

3. Arcturus. 

4. Whole number (109). 

5. Northern Constella- 
tion. 

6. Zodiacal Conste 1 1 a- 
tion. 

7. Southern Constella- 
tion. 



SECTION XXIII. 

METHODS OF INSTRUCTION, OR THE 
ART OF TEACHING. 



CHAPTER I.— LANGUAGE AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE. 



1 . Should teach to exercise the senses. 

2. Should teach to speak correctly. 

3. Pupils should be itispired to seek for knowledge. 

4. The teaching should be such as would inspire a 
love for the good and the true. 

5. The elements of the Arts should be taught. 
' I. Their design. 

2. The matter for lesson. 

3. Preparation for lesson. 

4. Manner of conducting les- 



The elements .1 
of knowledge. ' 



6. Should teach 
Object lessons. 



by 



II. Instructions 

IN LANGUAGE. 



Prim a ry 
Reading. 



1. Taught from books. 

2. Taught from cards. 
r I. The A, B, j 3. Taught fromblack- 

C, Method. board. 

4. Taught from 
blocks. 

1. Names of pictures. 

2. Names of words. 

3. Names of letters. 

1. The alphabetic method. 

2. Phonic alphabetic method. 
2. Pronuttciation. I 3. Phonetic alphabetic method. 

4. By Association. 
Eclective method. 
Oral spelling. 
Writing on slates. 
Writing on blackboards. 
Poor spelling. 
Dictation exercises. 

S I. Articulation. 

\ 2. Accent. 



3. Orthography. 



4. 



Re a ding 
as an Art 



2. The Word 
Method. 



5- 
I. 

2. 
3- 
4- 
5- 
Pronunciation. 



I. 



t I. Low. 
f I. Pitch. "I 2. Medium. 
2. Modu- J (3. High, 

latioxi. j f I. Loud. 

[ 2. Force. \ 2. Moderate. 
3. Gentle. 



148 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



II. INSTRUCTI ONS 
IN LANGUAGE. 



4. Reading 
as an Art 



2. Modu- \ 3. Qual 
lation. ) ity. 

3. Expression. 

4. Posture. 

5. Gesture. [ i. 
2. 



I. 

2. 
3- 

14. 
I 5- 
16. 



6. Analyze 
Subject. 



Grani- 
inar. 



Parts of 
speech. 



2. Build sen- 
tences. 



6. 7?//,?/^- 
ric. 



I. Dis- 



Pure. 

Orotund. 

Guttural. 

Aspirated. 

Pectoral. 

Tremulous. 
Prominent words. 
Define words. 

3. Define sentences. 

4. Explain language. 

5. Explain marks. 

6. Bring out sentiment. 

7. Give manner of de- 
livery. 

8. Tell why. 

1. Begin at verbs. 

2. Nouns. 

3. Adjectives. 

4. Adverbs. 

5. Pronouns. 

6. Preposition. 

7. Conjunction. 

8. Interjection. 

1. Use words. 

2. Phrases. 

3. Clauses. 

4. Give subject. 

5. Give predicate. 
' I. Adjective. 

2. Adverbial. 

3. I n d e p e n- 
dent. 

4. Connectives. 

1. Orations. 

2. Lectures. 

3. Essays. 

4. Fictions. 

5. Narratives. 

6. Letters. 
' I. Epic. 

2. Lyric. 

T> . 3. Pastoral. 

2. Poetry. ^^. ^■,^^^^,^ 

5. Dramatic. 

6. Satires. 
Purity. 



Ele- 
ments. 



r I. Prose. 



3. Qualities 
of Dis- 



2. Propriety. 

3. Precision. 

4. Perspicuity. 

5. Strength. 

6. Euphony. 

7. Harmony. 

8. Unity. 



METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 



149 



II. Instructions 

IN LANGUAGE. 



Rheto- 
ric. 



I. 



Dis- 
course. 



4- 



Stvle 
Dis- 
course. 



of 



Compo- 
sition. 



7. Logic. 



III. Geography 



IV. History. 



fi. Dry. 

2. Plain. 

3. Neat. 

4. Elegant. 

5. Florid. 

6. Simple. 

7. Labored. 

8. Concise. 

9. Nervous. 

1. Teach conversation upon 
familiar subjects. 

2. Reproduce reading les- 
sons. 

3. Write about familiar sub- 
jects. 

4. Write from dictation ex- 
ercises. 

5. Correct faulty sentences. 

6. Reproduce narratives read 
by teacher. 

7. Assign simple subjects. 

8. Teach higher composition. 
Teach its definitions and use. 
Teach its inductions. 
Teach its demonstrations. 

[ 4. Teach its applications. 

1. Teach familiar objects in school-room. 

2. Teach similar objects around school premises. 

3. Teach similar objects at a distance. 

4. Teach the measure of distance by objects at differ- 
ent points in the room. 

5. Enlarge upon distance from school-room to places 
in the neighborhood. 

6. Expand to different places in the District. 

7. Go from one inch, to one foot, then the number of 
feet in a mile, and to the whole distance from place 
to place. 

8. Teach direction, first in the room, after, as distance, 

9. Teach from maps and globes. 

10. Teach geographical terms. 

11. Teach township geography. 

12. Teach map drawing. 

13. Teach particular geography. 

14. Teach the earth as a whole. 

15. Teach the form and size of the earth. 

16. Teach the motions of the earth. 

17. Physical construction of the earth. 

18. Plants, animals, and minerals. 

19. Political geography. 

20. The Earth as a planet. 

21. Its relation to the other heavenly bodies. 
3 I. Teach familiar facts. 

{ 2. Teach that any fact is history. 



ISO 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



IV. History. ^ 



3. Teach that facts compiled make history. 

4. Have pupils repeat facts. 

5. Teach strong facts. 

6. Teach interesting facts. 

7. Inspire a love for history. 

8. Then show how facts connected make up the contin- 
uous history of the country. 

9. Don't dwell upon dates, except the very important. 

10. Teach the relation existing between facts. 

11. Teach contemporaneous history. 

12. Teach the philosophy of history. 



CHAPTER II.— MATHEMATICS AND ART. 



' I. Elementary. - 



I. Arithmetic. < 



1. Teach to count ; Blackboard ex- 
ercises in counting marks, etc. 

2. Teach to make figures. 

3. Teach to write numbers by fig- 
ures. 

4. Teach to read numbers. 

5. Teach to add numbers. 

6. Teach to subtract numbers. 

7. Teach to multiply numbers. 

8. Teach to divide numbers. 

9. Teach principles of Addition, Sub- 
traction, etc. 

10. Be thorough in teaching princi- 
ples. 

11. Teach the combination of num- 
bers. 

12. Teach practical problems in the 
four rules. 

13. Apply their knowledge to every- 
day business. 

1. Teach the relation of numbers to 
numbers. 

2. Teach the relation of numbers to 
fractions. 

3. Teach the relation of fractions to 
numbers. 

4. Teach the relation of fractions to 
fractions. 

5. Teach factoring. 

6. Teach Common Divisor. 

7. Teach Common Multiple. 

8. Drill thorough on these principles. 
Teach them orally. 

3. Fractions. ^ 2. They are only concrete numbers, the 
denominator naming the object. 



2. Relation of ^ 
numbers. 



METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 



151 



r 3, Fractions. 



I. Arithmetic. 



4. Decimals. 



' 3. The different kinds. 

4. The methods of operation. 

5. Teach the principles. 

6. Teach them practically, or written. 

7. Teach pupils to form problems em- 
bracing simple fractions. 

8. Give plenty of practical problems out- 
side of the book. 

9. Teach application of rules as de- 
rived from solutions. 

1 . Teach to write decimals. 

2. Be thorough on the place of point. 

3. Teach to read decimals. 

4. Teach to add decimals. 

5. Teach to subtract decimals. 

6. Teach to multiply decimals. 

7. Teach to divide decimals. 

8. The principles. 

9. The application of decimals to Uni- 
ted States money. 

10. Their application to per cent., etc. 

11. Teach reduction to common frac- 
tions, and vice versa. 

12. Practical problems. 

1. Reduction. 

2. Addition. 

3. Subtraction. 
5. Denominate \ 4. Multiplication. 

Numbers. \ 5. Division. 

6. Applications to every-day business. 

7. Principles of relation between dif- 
ferent tables. 

1. Teach the relation between this, and 
Multiplication and Division. 

2. Apply relation of numbers. 
-! 3. Teach principles. 

4. Make practical problems. [ness. 

5. Apply principles as proof of correct- 
ly 6. Apply rules to solutions, 

' I. Teach the terms used. 
2. Teach the principles. 

7. Percentage,] 3. Teach the formulas. 
Interest, etc, 1 4. Teach the applications. 

5. Teach the solution of problems. 

6. Teach the application of rules. 

8. Alligation. — The same as proportion. 

' I. First. 



\l 



Down. 



6. Ratio and 
Proportion. 



9. Progres- 
sion. 



1. Teach quantities. 

2. Principles. 

3. Explain the terms. 

4. Appli cation to 
practical problems. 



of 



, Second. 

, Number 
terms. 
Last term. 
Common differ- 
ence. 



152 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



I. Arithmetic. 



n: 



' lo. Involution. 
II. Evolution. 



1 2 . Mensuration . 



The principles. 
Demonstrations. 
Principles. 
Demonstra- 
tions. 

1. Principles. 

2. Terms. 

3. Figures. 

4. Applications. 



1. Square Root, 

2. Cube Root. 



II. Algebra. 



III. Geometry, 



.4- 



IV. Art, penmanship 



V. Drawing. < 



1. Teach symbols. 

2. Teach the idea. 

3. Teach the solution of problems. 

4. Teach equations. 

5. Teach the principles. 

_ 6. Teach general applications. 

(I. Teach the forms of figures. 
2. Theorems. 
3. Practical applications. 

Demonstrations of problems. 
' I. Teach conception of letters. 

2. Teach parts of letters. 

3. Teach formation of letters. 

4. Teach words. 

5. Teach sentences. 

1. Form straight lines. 

2. Form curved lines. 

3. Make forms from straight lines. 

4. Make forms from curved lines. 

5. Imitation of objects. 

6. Invent forms. 

7. Copy pictures of objects. 

8. Draw pictures from memory. 

^ 9. Draw real objects from memory. 



SECTION XXIV. 



SCIENCE OF TEACHING, OR 
MANAGEMENT. 



SCHOOL 



i. School grades. 



. Reasons for 
grading. 



. Manner of 
grading. 



CHAPTER I.— SCHOOL GRADES, STUDIES, FURNITURE AND 

APPARATUS. 



1. To concentrate teaching force. 

2. To lessen the expense of teach- 
ing-. 

3. To secure the greatest good. 

4. To facilitate labor. 

5. To promote good order. 

6. To stimulate pupils to excel. 

7. To provide higher instruction. 

8. To provide schools to educate 
children at home. 

1. Union grade. 

2. Separate grades. 

3. By central, high-school, and town- 
ship primaries. 

(I. Primary. 
2. Intermediate. 
3. Grammar. 
4. High school. 
Grammar. 
Rhetoric. 
Logic, f I. Higher Arithme- 

Physical Science. I , '. v 

Mathematical Science. ■! "' p * 
Mental Science. -t- • 1, ^ 

Moral Science. I 4- Trigonometry. 

\^ocal Music. . 



3. Ntcmber of grades. 



Language. 



I. High 
Schools. 



II. SCH OOL^ 
STUDIKS. 



2. Granunar 
Schools. 



3. hitermediate. 



etc. 
I. Grammar. 
Language. I 2. Elements of Rhetoric. 

2. Reading. ( 3. Literature. 

3. Elements of the Sciences. 

i I. Arithmetic. 

4. Mathematics. < 2. Elements of Higher 

5. Penmanship. ( Arithmetic. 

6. Drav^'ing. 

r I. Elements of Geography. 
' 2. Language. 

3. Elements of Arithmetic. 

4. Penmanship. 



154 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



II. School 

STUDIES. 



■ 3, Inte7-inediate 



.4. Primary. 



I, Desks. 



III. FURNITQRE. 



IV. Apparatus. 



2. Platform 



5. Drawing. 

6. Reading. 
^ 7. Spelling. 

[ I. Object teaching 
i 2. Oral teaching. 
I 3. Reading. 
(^4. Spelling. 

' I. Number of desks. 

2. Size of desks. 

3. Arrangement of desks. 

4. Teacher's desk. 
1;. Ink table or desk. 

Kind of desks. 
Position. 
Size. 
Height. 
Size. 
Position. 
Use. 



1. Geography. 

2. Language. 

3. Composition. 

4. Arithmetic. 



Si; 



3. Blackboard. 

4. Clock. 

5. Call bell. 

6. Umbrella-stand. 

7. Hat-rack. 

8. Settees for visitors. 

9. Chairs. 

10. Brooms and Brushes. 

1. Elementary chart. 

2. Writing and drawing charts 

3. Numerical frames. 

4. Square and Cubical blocks. 

5. Globes. 

6. Outline maps and charts. 

7. Philosophical apparatus. 

8. Cabinets. 

9. Libraries. 

10. Dictionary. 

11. Bible. 

12. Receptacle for these things. 



CHAPTER II.— ORGANIZATION OF SCHOOL. 

' I. See the citizens with respect to school. 

2. See your predecessor. 

3. Have a first day's programme. 

4. Temporary seating. 
I. Temporary. { 5. Fix opening and closing time. 

6. Fix recess hours. 

7. Fix arrangement for privileges. 

8. Regulate whispering. 

9. Make regulations for exercise. 



SCIENCE OF TEACHING. 



155 



II. Permanent, 



Fix the branches to be taught. 

Fix the branches to be studied by individuals. 

Arrange for the use of text books. 

Arrange for oral teaching. 

Arrange for classification. 

6. Arrange a time for study. 

7. Arrange a time for recitation. 

8. Arrange a good programme. 
See what pupils to be admitted. 
Fix the limits of the school. 
Fix the length of the day. 
Fix the length of the recess. 
Fix the time for closing. 
Arrange for calling and dismissing classes. 
Arrange for granting special privileges. 
Arrange for giving special aid to pupils. 
Arrange for general business. 
Arrange for exercise of discipline. 



CHAPTER III.— EMPLOYMENT OF SCHOOL. 



' I. Object of study. 



I. Study. ■ 



U- 



To gain knowledge. 
For mental discipline. 
To stimulate pupils to aspirations for 
the true and noble. 
To create efficiency in pupils. 
f I. Prizes. 

2. Merit marks. 

3. Emulation. 

4. Fear of punishment. 

5. Shame. 

6. Ridicule. 
2. Incentives to sttidy. \ 7- Approval of teacher. 

8. Approval of parents. 

9. Approval of society. 

10. To gain honorable positions in 
school and elsewhere. 

11. Desire for knowledge. 

12. The hope of success in life. 

1. Should have an object. 

2. Should notice facts. 

3. Should write down facts. 

4. Compare facts. 

5. Classify facts. 

6. Should make a generalization of 
facts. 

7. Should learn to distinguish universal 
facts and principles. 

8. Should seek for the particular prin- 
ciple. 



_ 3. Manner of study. 



156 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



I. Study. 



3. Manner of study. 



4. Character of 
the student. 



fi- 



9. Should demonstrate the principles. 

10. Should begin at the elements. 

11. Should pursue a logical order. 

12. Should study one thing at a time. 

13. Should study to understand. 

14. Should review constantly. 

t 15. Converse about what you study. 
[ I. They must have a desire to learn. 

2. They must have a high ideal. 

3. They must rely upon themselves. 

4. They must persevere. 

5. They must concentrate their mental 
forces. 

6. They must cultivate accuracy. 

7. They must have patience. 

8. They must continue to the end. 
[9. They must not be proud. 

' I. To estimate pupils' progress. 

For pupils to express their knowl- 
edge of the subject. 
To create self-confidence. 
To fix facts in the mind. 
For the teacher to illustrate. 
For the teacher to add new matter. 
To receive moral instructions. 
To acquire fluency of speech. 
' I. A proper place. 
2. Necessary apparatus. 
Perfect order. 



The Objects. \ 4. 

5- 
6. 

7- 



2. Requisites necessary. 



II. Recitation. \ 



3. 

4. Sufficient time. 



of 



3. Manner of con- 
ductiJig the rec- 
itation. 



Close attention 

6. Thorough knowledge 
subject by the teacher. 

7. Books for reference. 

1. By lecturing, or orally. 

2. By the conversational method. 

3. By the topical method. 

4. By the catechetical method. 

5. The questions should be defi- 
nite. 

6. The questions should be adapt- 
ed to the capacity of the pupils. 

7. They should be logical. 

8. They should be exhaustive. 

9. They should be concise. 

10. They should be clear. 

11. They should not be direct. 

12. They should be adapted to the 
subject. 

13. They should be in proper lan- 
guage. 

14. The pupil should take a good 
position. 



SCIENCE OF TEACHING. 



157 



II, Recitation, 



3. Manner of con- 
ducting the rec- 
itation. 



4. Prepara- 
tion for 
Recitation. 



V 



III. Exercise. - 



1. Necessity for exercise. 

2. Time for exercise. 

3. Proper place for exercise, 

4. Manner of exercise. 

5. The teacher during exercise. 

6. The teacher to exercise personally, 

7. Gymnastics, 



'15. The pupil should answer only 
what asked. 

16. The answer should cover the 
whole question. 

17. The answer should be correct. 

18. The answer should be logical. 

19. The answer should be under- 
stood, 

20. The answer should suit the 
question. 

21. The answer should be concise. 

22. The answer should be founded 
on authority. 

23. The answer may be in concert. 

24. The answer may be written, 

25. Errors should be corrected by 
the pupils. 

26. Errors should be corrected by 
the teacher. 

' I. Must study lesson. 

2. Must study the answer. 

3. Must study gracefulness 
of position. 

4. Must cultivate a liking for 
instruction. 

1. Must familiarize him- 
self with lesson. 

2. Arrange lesson into 
parts. 

3. Prepare proper ques- 
tions. 

4. Arrange a plan of 
recitation, 

5. Prepare illustrations, 

6. Prepare apparatus, 

7. Must prepare his per- 
son to appear respect- 
ably before class. 



By the 
Pupil, 



By Teach- 
er. 



CHAPTER IV.— THE GOVERNMENT OF SCHOOL. 



I. Duties of pupils. 



1, To themselves. 

2, To one another. 

3, To school property, 

4, To the teacher. 

5, To the school officers. 

6, To the school. 

7, To the visitors. 

8, To the community. 



158 



TREASURY OF FACTS. 



II. Offences of pupils. ■ 



, Against them- 
selves. 



. Against each 
other. 



Against 
Property. 



Against 
Teacher. 



Against 
School. 



Against 
Society. 



the 



the 



the 



III. Retribution.' 



I. Rezvards. 



2. Punishments. 



1. By injuring their prop- 
erty. 

2. By injuring their person. 

3. By neglecting to learn. 

4. By bad manners. 

5. By bad habits. 

6. By immorality. 
'I. Theft. 

2. Destroying property. 

3. Injuring persons. 

4. Accusing falsely. 

5. Enticing to wrong. 

6. Slandering. 

1. Destroying by accident. 

2. Destroying wilfully, [erty. 
Aiding in destroying prop- 
Disobedience. 
Disrespect. 
Conspiracy. 
Destroying property. 
Slandering. 
Evil speaking. 
General disobedience. 
Neglect to study. 

4. Irregular attendance. 

5. General wrongdoing. 

1. Disturbing the peace. 

2. Trespassing. 

3. Injuring property. 

4. Rude and disrespectful treat- 
ment of people. 

ii. Profanity. 
4. Disrespect for religion. 
' I. Approval of teacher. 

2. Approval of parents. 

3. Approval of society. 

4. Success in life. 

5. Gifts from teachers. 
1^ 6. Honorable position. 

1. Private reproof. 

2. Repairing damage. 

3. Performance of duties. 

4. Forfeiture of privileges. 

5. Acknowledgment of offence. 

6. Personal chastisement. 

7. Suspension. 

8. Expulsion. 

9. Scolding. 

10. Sarcasm. 

11. Personal indignities. 

12. Torture. 



SCIENCE OF TEACHING. 



159 



f I 



IV. Legislation 

IN GENERAL. 



Means of 
disorder. 



r I. Unsuitable accommodations. 
I 2. Unqualified teachers. 



3. Bad mi 
agement 



2. Correcting dis- 
order. 



General Ad- 
ministration. 



1. Too many rules. 

2. Pupils not punished. 

3. Work not inspected. 

1. By punishing offenders. 

2. By pardoning offenders. 

3. By teaching what is right. 

4. By enforcing claims of right. 

5. By inspiring pupils to do right. 
To detect offenders. 

To choose kind of punishment. 
To inflict punishment. 



CHAPTER v.— SCHOOL AUTHORITIES. 



I. The school officers. 

II. The people in general 



III. The teacher. < 



r. The family. 

2. The church. 

3. The community. 
[ 4. The State. 

1. Must have a pure motive. 

( I . Physically. 

2. Must 3e wen ^ualzlfiedl ^- MoraS?"''"^' 

I 4. Professionally. 

3. Must have a proper idea of work. 

4. Must have a knowledge of the human mind. 

5. Mtist be proficioit in educational means. 

6. Must be thorough in the science of teaching. 

7. Must be skilled in government. 

8. Must be thorough in discipline. 

1. Physical. 

2. Intellectual. 



5. Must understand the 
wants of pupils. 



10. Must understand 
his relation to the 
profession. 



II. Must appreciate 
his responsibilities. 



( 3. Moral. 

1. Should be a thorough 
scholar. 

2. Should be a dignified gen- 
tleman or lady. 

3. Should make professional 
improvement. 

4. Should aid his fellow- 
teachers. 

1. For the bodily health of 
pupils. 

2. For their Intel 1 e c t u a I 
growth. 

3. For their moral training. 

4. For their habits. 



INDEX. 



PAGE 

Accent i 

Analysis of words 2 

Adjectives 5 

Adverbs 6 

Analysis of sentences 7 

Arrangement lo 

Affirmation i6 

Average and exclusion 17 

Analysis 17 

Adams' administration 26 

Arthur's inauguration 29 

Authors 30, 31 

Animals 43 

Atmosphere 52 

Animals 55 

Annuloida 66 

Annulosa 66, 67 

Aves 68, 69 

Arrangement of muscles 72 

Appendages of the skin 72 

Air 81 

Acoustic tubes 84 

Atmospheric electricity 85 

Artificial magnets 85 

Animal susceptibility 89 

Arsenic 94 

Addition 108, 126 

Applications i iS 

Alligation 1 20 

Arithmetical progression 120 

Applications of cube root 122 

Annuities 122 

Axioms 125, 126, 132 

Astronomy 142 



PAGE 

Arithmetic, teaching 150, 151, 152 

Art 152 

Algebra 152 

Apparatus 1 54 

Buchanan's administration 28 

Battles of 1775 3-. 33 

Battles of 1676-77 33> 34 

Battles of 1778-80 34> 35 

Battles of 1781 35 

Botany 53,59 

Bones 71 

Bathing necessary 72 

Brain 75 

Bills Ill 

Banking 119 

Classification of words 2, 4 

Conjunctions 6 

Classes of sentences 7,8 

Collecting material 10 

Composition 12 

Conceptions 14 

Cause and effect 14 

Copula 15 

Cardinal propositions 15 

Complex propositions 15 

Compound propositions 15 

Comparative judgment 15 

Conditional judgment 16 

Classification of syllogisms 16 

Conversion of syllogisms 16 

Comparative syllogisms 16 

Compound judgment 16 



l62 



INDEX. 



PAGE 

•Connecticut 21 

Carolina, North 24 

Carolina, South 24, 25 

Climate 42, 47, 52 

Cities 48 

Continents 49 

Coast 47 

Concussions 57 

Cryptogamous 62 

■Ccelenterata 66 

Circulation 73 

Cranial nerves 75 

Chromatics 83 

Classification of acts of the will 90 

Conception of causality. 90 

Classification of causes 90 

Competency of the mind 90 

Chemistry 91 

Composition 92 

Chlorine 94 

Copper 94 

Constitution 97, 100 

County officers 98 

Cities and towns 98 

Confederation 100 

Courts 102 

Crimes 102 

Constitutional amendments 103 

Civil rights 103 

Contracts 103, 104 

Circulates 1 1 1 

Common divisor 1 1 1 

Common multiple 112 

Cancellation 112 

Cases of percentage 118 

Commission and brokerage 119 

Circle 123, 135, 138 

Circumference of circles 135 

Cylinder 139 

Cone ; 139 

Cylindrical rings 139 

Comets 146 

Character 1 56 

Development of states 25 

Derivation of words 2, 4 



PAGE 

Diacritical marks 2 

Diction 10 

Difference and resemblance 14 

Distribution of terms 15 

Disjunctive syllogisms 16 

Discoveries 18 

Delaware 23 

Devonian series 57 

Diseases of the muscles 74 

Diseases of the skin 74 

Diseases of the lungs 73 

Diseases of the blood 74 

Diseases of the digestion 7 ^ 

Digestion 75 

Diffusion of heat 82 

Discrimination of acts of the will.. . . 90 

Decay of plants 93 

Democratic government 96 

Divisions of government 97 

Divisions of the federal government. 100 

Distribution of property without wills 105 

Definitions 107 

Division 109, no, 113, 128 

Decimal fractions no, in 

Denominate fractions 116 

Direct exchange 120 

Division of algebra 127 

Drawing 152 

Duties of pupils 157 

Elementary sounds i 

Expression 3 

Extra logical 16 

Elimination 17 

Explorations 18, 19 

Early settlements 19 

Events of 1812-14 35. 36 

Events in 1861 37 

Events in 1862-63 37. 38 

Events in 1864-65 38, 39 

Extent 46 

Earthquakes 50, 57 

Electrical phenomena 53 

Ethnography S3> 54 

Exogenous 59, 60, 61 

Endogenous 61, 62 



INDEX. 



165 



PAGE 

Eyes, the 7° 

Elastic fluids 81 

Effects of heat 82 

Electrical machines 85 

Electro-magnetism 86 

Exercise of capacity for willing 90 

Effect of heat on wood 93 

Electors 97 

Elections 97 

Enacting laws 97 

Education 98, 99 

Executive 100 

Equasion of payments 1 20 

Evolution 121 

Equasions of two or more unknown 

quantities 120 

Equasions of quadratics 131 

Ellipse 138 

Earth 143 

Exercise 1 57 

Figures 2, 8 

Fallacies 16 

Filmore's administration 27 

French and Indian War 31, 32 

Flowers 65 

Force 77 

Fundamental facts 86 

Fixed stars 87 

Final rule for disputed facts 88 

Fjrst law of chemical attraction 95 

Federal government loi 

Fraudulent transfer 104 

Factoring iii, 127 

Fractions 112, 128 

Formulas 127 

Frustrum 139 

Furniture 1 54 

Government 48 

Georgia 25 

Grant's administration 28, 29 

Garfield's administration 29 

Geography 41 

Government 46 

Geology 49, 56 



General structure of earth 49 

Glands of the skin 72 

Gravity 78, 79 

Grounds of certainty 90 

Growth of plants 92 

Granite 93 

Gold 95 

Governmental science 96 

Gain or loss i iS 

Geometrical progression 121, 131 

Geometry 132, 152 

History 18, 48, 149, 150' 

Harrison's administration 27 

Hayes' administration 29 

Health and disease 76 

Hydrostatics 80^ 

Hydraulics 81 

Heavenly bodies 142 

Interjections 6 

Immediate inference 15 

Ideas in method 17 

Induction and analogy 17 

Internal improvement 47 

Islands 49, 54 

Inflorescence 64, 65 

Integument or skin 72 

Inclined plane 80' 

Iron 94 

Inorganic food 74 

Interest 105 

International law 106 

Insurance 119 

Interest, simple 119 

Instructions in language .... 147, 148, 149 

Judgment 15 

Jackson's administration 27 

John Q. Adams' administration 26, 27 

Johnson's administration 28 

Jurassic period 58 

Judicial 99 

Jupiter 144, 145 

King William's v^^ar 31 



364 



INDEX. 



PAGE 

King George's War 3^ 

Kinds of food 74. 75 

Kinds of fractions 112 

Laws of motion 77 

Language i 

Letters i 

Logic 14 

Lincoln's administration 28 

Land 4~ 

Local geography 46 

Lakes 47» 51 

Leaves 62, 63 

Levers of the first class '79 

Levers of the second class 79 

Levers of the third class 79 

Laws of attraction 85 

Law of intensity 83 

Law of refraction 83 

Law of attraction 80 

Law of polarity 86 

Lead 95 

Landlord and tenant 115 

Length 115 

Longitude and time 116 

Lines and angles 132 

Legislation in general 159 

Modality of judgment. 15 

Matter of method 17 

Methods of investigation 17 

Methods of proof 17 

Massachusetts Bay colony 2c, 21 

Maryland 23, 24 

Madison's administration 26 

Miscellaneous events 29 

Mathematical geography 41, 42 

Mountains 49i 54 

Moisture of the atmosphere 52 

Molusca 67 

Mammalia 69, 70 

Modifications of the breath 73 

Muscles 72 

Matter 77 

Machines 79. 8° 

Musical sounds 84 



Mineralogy 55 

Musical instruments 84 

Magnetism 85 

Meteorology 52, 87 

Mental philosophy 88 

Mind, an agent 90 

Mind can attain its own end 90 

Marble 93 

Merctiry 95 

Monarchical government 96 

Militia 99 

Miscellaneous provisions of Constitu- 
tion 103 

Municipal law 103 

Multiplication 108, 116, 126, 12S, 130 

Miscellaneous weights 114, 116 

Mensuration 122 

Multiple 112, 128 

Measurement of angles 133 

Moon 144 

Mercury 144 

Mars 144 

Minor planets 145 

Meteors 146 

Methods of instruction 147 

Nouns 4, 5 

New Hampshire 22 

New York 22 

New Jersey 23 

North Carolina 24 

Nations 45 

Natura> advantages 47 

Nervous system 75 

Natural philosophy 77 

Nature of heat Si 

Nature of light 82 

Natural inability 91 

Numbers 107 

Notation and numeration 107 

Neptune 145 

Nebulae 146 

Orthography 1,4 

Orthoepy 2, 3 

Orators 31 



INDEX. 



165 



Occupations 46, 47, 48 

Outline 46 

Oceans 51 

Oceanic movements 51 

Optical phenomena 53 

Organs of respiration 73 

Organs of voice 73 

Organs of circulation 73 

Organic food 74 

Optics 82 

Optical instruments 84 

Offences of pupils 1 58 



Pronouns 

Prepositions 

Parsing 

Prosody 

Punctuation 

Points 

Prose 

Poetry 12, 

Probable judgment 

Pure categorical 

Probable syllogisms 

Plymouth colony 20, 21 

Pennsylvania 23 

Polk's administration 27 

Prince's administration 28 

Progress 30 

Pontiac's War 32 

Plants 43, SS> 62 

Political geography 43 

Physical needs of man 44, 45 

Position of state 46 

Physical geography 49 

Progression 57 

Phenogamous plants 59 

Protozoa 66 

Physiology 71 

Proper food necessary 74 

Properties of matter ' 77 

Pulleys 80 

Pneumatic machines 81 

Pyronomics 81 

Propagation of light S3 

Properties of the magnet 85 1 



Production of artificial magnets 86 

Planets, the $y 

Phosphorus 54 

Public institutions 99 

President, the 102 

Principles of law 103 

Principal and agent 104 

Partnership 104 

Principles of fractions 112, 128 

Principles of ratio 117 

Proportion 117, 134 

Principles of proportion 117 



Percentas 



117 



Principles of percentage 118 

Premium and discount 1 18 

Partnership 120 

Powers and roots 129 

Powers 129 

Principles of involution 121 

Plane figures 132 

Polygons 133, 134, 138 

Planes and angles 136 

Pyramid 137, 138 

Principles of trigonometry 140 

Practical principles 141 

Planets 143 

Permanent organization 155 

People in general, the 159 

Quality of judgment 15 

Queen Anne's War 31 

Quantity 125 

Quadratics 131 

Quadrilaterals 133 

Rhetoric 10 

Redundant syllogisms 16 

Refutation 17 

Rhode Island 21, 22 

Races of men 43, 44 

Religion 46 

Rivers 5o> 54 



Rainfall 



55 



Rocks ^6 

Root 65 

Reptilia 67^ ^ 



i66 



INDEX. 



PAGE 

Respiration 73 

Reflection and reflecting surfaces 83 

Refraction of light S3 

Reflection of sound ^.4 

Reason i 9 

Rational susceptibility 09 

Rights of persons 96 

Rights of things 96 

Real estate 105 

Rules of peace 106 

Rules of war 106 

Rights and duties of belligerents 106 

Rights and duties of neutrals 106 

Roman notation 107, 108 

Reduction of fractions 112, 113 

Reduction 116 

Ratio 117 

Roots 129 

Radicals 130 

Recitation 156, 1 57 

Retribution 158 

Syllables i 

Spelling 2 

Synthesis 7 

Syntax 7 

Selection of subject 10 

Style 10 

Sentences 10 

Substances and properties 14 

Syllogisms 16 

South Carolina 24, 25 

States of society , 45 

Surface 47 

Springs 50> 54 

Stratified 56 

Silurian series 57 

Stem of plant 64 

Seed 65 

Skeleton 71 

Sources of food 74 

Sympathetic system 76 

Screw 80 

Source of heat 81 

Source of light 83 

Shadows • §3 



PAGE 

Solar system 86, 87 

Sense 88 

Susceptibility 89 

Spiritual 89 

Substance of plants 92, 93 

Sandstone 93 

Slate 93 

Soils 94 

Sulphur 94 

Silver 95 

State government 97 

State officers 97. 98 

Sales of property 104 

Services 105 

Shipping 105 

Subtraction 108, 126 

Surface 115 

Simple interest 119 

Settlement of accounts 120 

Sphere 1 24, 139 

' Signs 125 

Squares on lines 134 

Similar triangles 135 

Solids 136 

Spherical geometry 137 

Spherical trigonometry 140, 141 

Sun 143, 144 

Saturn 145 

School grades 153 

School studies 1 53 

Science of teaching 1 53 

Study 155, 156 

School authorities 159 

Terms 14 

Terms of a proposition 15 

Tyler's administration 27 

Taylor's administration 27 

Temperature 52 

Trassic series 57 

Tin 95 

Township officers 98 

Terms of fractions 112 

Time 115 

Terms, 117, 125, 128, 129, 131, 140, 142 

True discount 119 



INDEX. 



167 



PAQ,E 

Taxes 119 

Triangle 13S 

Trapezoid 138 

Trapezium 138 

Theorems 140 

Trigonometry 140 

Temporary 154 

The teacher 1 59 

Uses of capitals 12 

Unstratified rocks 56 

Understanding 88 

United States government 100 

Uranus 145 

Verbs 5, 6 

Variety 11 

Versification 8 

Virginia 19, 20 

Van Buren's administration 27 

Valleys 50 

Volcanoes 50, 57 

Voice 73 



PAGE 

Vision 83, 84 

Value 1 13, 1 14 

Volume and capacity 115 

Volumes 123, 124 

Venus 144 

Washington's administration. . . 25 

Wars of United States 31 

War of revolution 32. 33' 34, 35 

War of 1812 35 

War with Mexico Z^^Zl 

War of Rebellion 37, 3'^j 39, 4° 

Water 42, 91 

Winds 52 

Woody plants 65 

Wheel and axle 79, 80 

Wedge 80 

Wheel work 80 

Will, the 89 

Wills 105 

Weight 114 

Zoology 53, 66 

Zinc 95 



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